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Pharm Unit 3 > Anticonvulsant Medication Info > Flashcards

Anticonvulsant Medication Info Flashcards

1
Q

Many anticonvulsants require _____ monitoring

A

blood

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2
Q

Anticonvulsants are used for what? (2)

A

Long term management of chronic epilepsy
Management of seizures not cause by epilepsy

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3
Q

Off label uses for Anticonvulsants? (4)

A

Anxiety
Bipolar disorder
Chronic pain
Migraines

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4
Q

Anticonvulsants are categorized by what?

A

their mechanism of action

(ex: sodium channel blocker, calcium channel blocker, GABA enhancer, glutamate blocker)

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5
Q

what type of Anticonvulsant prevents the rapid firing of neurons?

A

sodium channel blockers

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6
Q

what type of Anticonvulsant slows down the flow of calcium into cells, limiting the development of action potentials?

A

calcium channel blockers

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7
Q

what type of Anticonvulsant enhances inhibitory effects, making neurons less likely to fire?

A

GABA enhancers

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8
Q

what type of Anticonvulsants prevent excitatory signaling by binding to and blocking glutamate?

A

glutamate blockers

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9
Q

Why should someone taking an Anticonvulsants never stop abruptly?

A

it can trigger a recurrence of seizures

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10
Q

What are broad spectrum anticonvulsants used for?

A

effective for tx of focal and generalized seizures

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11
Q

what are narrow spectrum anticonvulsants used for?

A

used primarily for focal-onset seizures (including focal which evolve to b/ convulsive seizures)

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12
Q

what anticonvulsant med may enhance CI influx which makes cell more negative and harder for cell to generate action potential?

A

GABA enhancers

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13
Q

what anticonvulsant prevent return of the channel to active state, stabilizes them, and keeps in inactive state?

A

sodium channel blockers

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14
Q

what type of anticonvulsant med inhibits slow depolarization which is needed for spike-wave bursts?

A

calcium channel blockers

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15
Q

Some GABA enhancers decrease what?

A

some decrease metabolism of GABA so more is available

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16
Q

What type of anticonvulsant med is Phenytoin (Dilantin)?

A

sodium channel blocker

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17
Q

How is Phenytoin (Dilantin) given?

A

PO, IM or IV

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18
Q

What is the therapeutic range for Phenytoin (Dilantin)?

A

10-20 mcg/mL

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19
Q

What must be done if Phenytoin (Dilantin) is administered IV? (2)

A
  • give normal saline bc phenytoin can be very irritating to veins
  • infuse over 30-60 mins
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20
Q

What anticonvulsants cause drowsiness? (2)

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

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21
Q

what meds are phenobarbitals?

A

solfoton & luminal

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22
Q

what anticonvulsants cause ataxia? (2)

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

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23
Q

What is Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal) classified as?

A

a barbiturate

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24
Q

What anticonvulsants are indicated for partial seizures? (3)

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Oxycarbazepine (Trileptal)

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25
Q

what anticonvulsant is indicated for status epilepticus?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

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26
Q

what anticonvulsant has a very long half life? what does this mean?

A

Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal)
it stays in the body longer

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27
Q

what is the drug of choice for partial seizures?

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

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28
Q

what anticonvulsant causes irritability?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

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29
Q

What anticonvulsant causes sedation? (3)

A

Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

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30
Q

what anticonvulsant causes visual problems?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

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31
Q

what anticonvulsant can cause dizziness?

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

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32
Q

what is the drug of choice for generalized tonic-clonic seizures?

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

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33
Q

what anticonvulsants can cause diplopia? (2)

A

Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

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34
Q

what anticonvulsant causes peripheral neuropathy?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

35
Q

what anticonvulsants are indicated for tonic-clonic seizures? (3)

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

36
Q

what anticonvulsant can cause pancreatitis?

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

37
Q

what anticonvulsant causes cognitive skill impairment?

A

Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal)

38
Q

what anticonvulsant has a similar mechanism of action to phenytoin?

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

39
Q

what anticonvulsant works to stabilize the neurons from becoming too excited?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

40
Q

for which anticonvulsant must sudden withdrawal be avoided?

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

41
Q

what anticonvulsant inactivates fast sodium channels leading to enhanced GABA effects and decreased glutamate release?

A

Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal)

42
Q

what anticonvulsant is indicated for myoclonic seizures?

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

43
Q

what anticonvulsants can cause nausea and vomiting? (3)

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

44
Q

what anticonvulsant causes respiratory depression?

A

Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal)

45
Q

what type of anticonvulsant is Carbamazepine (Tegretol)?

A

sodium channel blocker

46
Q

what anticonvulsant can cause increased ammonia levels?

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

47
Q

what anticonvulsants stop the spread of seizure activity in the motor cortex? (2)

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

48
Q

what anticonvulsants can cause headache? (2)

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

49
Q

what anticonvulsant needs to be kept in a dry location (NOT a bathroom)?

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

50
Q

what anticonvulsants can cause hypotension? (2)

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal)

51
Q

what anticonvulsant is highly (90%) protein bound? what does this mean?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

it has a higher risk for drug interactions

52
Q

what anticonvulsant is indicated for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

53
Q

what anticonvulsant can cause arrhythmias?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

54
Q

what anticonvulsant inactivates fast sodium channels and is a GABA enhancer?

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

55
Q

what anticonvulsant can cause hyperactivity and inattention in children?

A

Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal)

56
Q

what anticonvulsants are indicated for bipolar disorder? (2)

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

57
Q

what anticonvulsants can cause suicidal thoughts? (4)

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Oxycarbazepine (Trileptal)
Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

58
Q

what anticonvulsants are contraindicated in absence seizures bc they may worsen them? (2)

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Oxycarbazepine (Trileptal)

59
Q

what anticonvulsant can lead to physical dependence?

A

Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal)

60
Q

What anticonvulsant is used as adjunctive therapy or monotherapy for partial seizures in children and adults?

A

Oxycarbazepine (Trileptal)

61
Q

what anticonvulsants are contraindicated in myoclonic seizures bc they may worsen them? (2)

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Oxycarbazepine (Trileptal)

62
Q

what anticonvulsants can cause skin rash? (2)

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) (common)

63
Q

what anticonvulsant can cause hyponatremia?

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

64
Q

what anticonvulsant can cause liver toxicity requiring monitoring of LFTs?

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

65
Q

what anticonvulsants can cause steven johnson syndrome? (2)

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

66
Q

what anticonvulsants can cause decreased blood counts? (2)

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol): neutropenia and thrombocytopenia

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote): thrombocytopenia

67
Q

what anticonvulsant can be given with phenytoin?

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

68
Q

what anticonvulsant is indicated for prophylaxis for surgery?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

69
Q

what anticonvulsants needs to be taken with food? (2)

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

70
Q

what anticonvulsant is indicated for absence seizures?

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

71
Q

what anticonvulsant can cause gingival hyperplasia (gum overgrowth)?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

72
Q

what is the drug level for Carbamazepine (Tegretol)?

A

4-12 mcg/mL

73
Q

What anticonvulsants have narrow therapeutic ranges requiring drug montiroing? (2)

A

Valproic Acid/Valproate (Depakote)
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

74
Q

What labs need to be done when taking Carbamazepine (Tegretol)? (6)

A

drug levels
sodium
CBC (esp WBCs)
LFTs
BUN/ Creatinine (esp in renal impairment)

75
Q

what anticonvulsant is indicated to control sx of acute mania in bipolar disorder?

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

76
Q

for what anticonvulsant MUST tube feeds be stopped 2 hours before administration and after?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

77
Q

What anticonvulsants decrease the efficacy of oral contraceptives? (2)

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Oxycarbazepine (Trileptal)

78
Q

what type of anticonvulsant is Oxycarbazepine (Trileptal)?

A

sodium channel blocker

79
Q

what labs need to be monitored when taking Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)? (3)

A

LFTs
CBC
Ammonia levels

80
Q

what is the difference between Carbamazepine (Tegretol) and Oxycarbazepine (Trileptal)?

A

oxycarbazepine has the same efficacy but it is better tolerated

81
Q

what anticonvulsant is indicated for neonatal seizures?

A

Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote)

82
Q

How can Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote) be given?

A

orally or intravenously

83
Q

What should levels of Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote) be?

A

50-100 mcg/mL

84
Q

What must be done if Valproic Acid/ Valproate (Depakote) is given IV? (2)

A
  • must be diluted with at least 50 mL of NSS or D5W
  • give over an hour (no more than 20 mg/min)

Pharm Unit 3 (18 decks)

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