Lipids Key Concepts Flashcards
What are the desired outcomes of lipid lowering medications? (3)
Lower serum levels of cholesterol
Lower serum levels of lipoproteins (LDL)
Prevention of CAD
How do lipid lowering meds prevent CAD? (3)
Protects endothelial tissue
Prevents plaque from rupturing
Slow down the progression of atherosclerosis
What play a major role in atherosclerosis development? (3)
Lipid Levels
Cholesterol
Hyperlipidemia
What the triglyceride lipid made from?
fatty acids & glycerol
What is insoluble in blood?
Cholesterol
what is the PRIMARY transport molecule for cholesterol?
Low-Density-Lipoprotein (LDL)
________ are acquired through diet
triglycerides
Cholesterol is a precursor of what?
the steroid hormone
Where are triglycerides stored?
adipose tissue
What is the cholesterol lipid an essential part of?
bile acid & cell membrane stability
how do triglyceride levels relate to LDL and HDL levels ?
they correlate with LDL and are inverse to HDL
what primarily regulates fat metabolism?
the liver
What are lipoproteins?
carrier proteins that aid in the transportation of
cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood
what produces lipoproteins?
the liver
what is the “bad” lipoprotein that contributes to atherosclerosis?
what is the “good” lipoprotein that is protective against atherosclerosis?
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein): “Bad”
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): “Good”
how do LDLs enter circulation?
Enter circulation as tightly packed cholesterol,
triglycerides, and lipids from the liver to the peripheral tissue
LDLs are carried by _____
then what?
proteins
then broken down for energy OR stored for future use as energy
how do HDLs enter circulation?
as loosely packed lipids
what is the function of HDLs?
Used for energy; picks up remnants of fat and
cholesterol from the peripheral tissues back to the liver where it is excreted in the bile
What is the desired level for total cholesterol?
less than 200
What is the desired level for LDL?
less than 130
What is the desired level for HDL?
50 or higher
What is the desired level for triglycerides?
less than 200
what total cholesterol level is borderline high?
200-239
what LDL level is borderline high?
130-159
what HDL level is borderline high?
40-49
what triglyceride level is borderline high?
200-399
what total cholesterol level is high?
240 and higher
what LDL level is high?
160 and higher
what HDL level is high?
less than 40
what triglyceride level is high?
400 and higher
What LDL level do we want to see in diabetes pts and those at increased risk?
<70
List non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (3)
Genetic predisposition
Age
Gender
what is true about gender and CVD risk?
Males risk is greater than females, but it becomes equal after menopause
List modifiable risk factors for CVD (8)
Metabolic Syndrome
Cigarette Smoking
Sedentary Lifestyle
High-Stress Levels
Hypertension
Obesity
Diabetes
Untreated Bacterial Infections
all modifiable CVD risk factors are related to what?
inflammation
