Lipids and diabetes Drugs

Question 0

Names of bile acid resins?

Answer 0

#Cholestyramine
#Colestipol
#Colsevelam

Question 1

Fibric acid derivative – Mechanism of action? Effects on lipids?

Answer 1

Regulates lipoprotein lipase, increasing triglyceride clearance

#Lower triglycerides
#Raise HDL
#minimal effect on LDL

Question 2

bile acid resins - Mechanism of action? Effects on lipids?

Answer 2

#Lowers LDL
#Increases triglycerides
#increases HDL

Question 3

ezetimibe - Mechanism of action? Effects on lipids?

Answer 3

Lowers LDL

Prevents cholesterol resorption in small bowel

Question 4

Drugs that lowers LDL the most? Drug that lowers LDL second-most?

Answer 4

Statin

Ezetimibe

Question 5

Mechanism of niacin?

Answer 5

#Inhibits lipolysis
#Reduces hepatic VLDL release into circulation

Question 6

Side effects of niacin?

Answer 6

#Flushing
#Hyperglycemia (acanthosis nigricans)
#Hyperuricemia (gout)

Question 7

Lipid lowering agents that can cause hepatotoxicity?

Gallstones?

Answer 7

Statins, thiazolidinediones, fibrates

Fibrates

Question 8

Metformin – drug class? Mechanism?

Answer 8

Biguanides - exact mechanism unknown (decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, increases insulin sensitivity)

Question 9

Toxicities of metformin?

Good side effects?

Answer 9

Weight negative

#Lactic acidosis
#Peripheral neuropathy the decreased B12/folate absorption

Question 10

Sulfonylureas? (First and second generation)

Answer 10

1st generation – tolbutamide, chlorpropamide

Second-generation – glyburide, glimepiride, glipizide (gli—ide)

Question 11

Mechanism of action of sulfonylureas?

Side effects?

Answer 11

Releases endogenous insulin

1st gen: disulfiram-like effects
2nd gen: Hypoglycemia

Question 12

Thiazolidinediones? MoA?

Answer 12

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone

Increases insulin sensitivity

Question 13

Side effects of thiazolidinediones?

Answer 13

#Weight gain
#edema
#Hepatotoxicity
#Heart failure

Question 14

Diabetes drugs that do not cause hypoglycemia?

Answer 14

#Metformin
#thiazolidinediones
#DPP-4 inhibitors (-gliptins)

Question 15

Drugs that can be used for diabetes type 1?

Answer 15

#Insulin
#amylin analogues

Question 16

MoA for amylin analogues?

Answer 16

Decreases glucagon

Decreases appetite, gastric emptying (nausea)

Question 17

Incretin mimetics?

Answer 17

Exenatide and Liraglutide

Question 18

DPP-4 inhibitors? Mech? Effect on HbA1c?

Answer 18

Linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin (januvia)

Decreases glucagon release and delays gastric emptying

Lowers by .5-1 unit

Question 19

Diabetes drugs that can cause pancreatitis?

Answer 19

Incretin mimetic

Question 20

Diabetes drugs that cause urinary or respiratory infections?

Answer 20

DPP-4 inhibitors (-gliptins)

Question 22

Repaglinide – mechanism of action?

Exenatide?

Answer 22

Stimulates insulin secretion

Stimulates insulin secretion in glucose dependent fashion

Question 23

Basic MoA of Biguanides?

Answer 23

insulin sensitizers

Question 24

Basic MoA of thiaolidinediones?

Answer 24

insulin sensitizers

Question 25

Basic MoA of Sulfonlyureas?

Answer 25

stimulate pancreatic insulin secretion

Question 26

Basic MoA of DPP-4 inhibitors?

Answer 26

slow sugar breakdown

Question 27

Basic MoA of GLP-1 mimetics?

Answer 27

Stimulate insulin secretion, suppress glucagon secretion

Question 28

Basic MoA of Amylin analogs?

Answer 28

delay gastric emptying and inhibit glucagon release