AAFP Cardiology Flashcards
Diabetes drug classes that should not be given to patients with heart failure?
Thiazolidiodiones
Metformin
Most common cause of hypertension in children under six (work up)?
In older children and adults?
Renal parenchymal disease (UA, urine culture, renal ultrasound)
Essential hypertension
Metformin contraindicated with?
Renal insufficiency or heart failure
Optimal HF candidate for cardiac resynchronization therapy (pacemaker)?
#LVEF under 35% #QRS over 120 #Sinus rhythm #Maximal medical therapy (carvedilol 25 BID., furosemide 40 BID, ACE inhibitor 40 BID)
Food shown to decrease risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with cardiovascular disease? (Mech)
Omega-3 fatty acids – (anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, vasodilator, antiarrhythmics)
Management of descending aortic dissection?
#Lower rate below 60 with beta blockers (propanolol or labetalol) #Lower systolic blood pressure to 100-120 (nitroprusside)
*B-blocker must be given before nitroprusside to prevent reflex tachycardia
Who should be screened for abdominal aortic aneurysms?
Male smokers age 65-75
Patient presents with supraventricular tachycardia – treatment? If fails? If fails? If fails?
- Adenosine
- Verapamil or beta blocker
- Flecainide or propafenone
- DC cardioversion
Monotherapy for hypertension and African-Americans should include these drugs? (instead of these drugs)
Calcium channel blockers and diuretics (beta blockers or ACE inhibitors)
Renal failure will affect the dosing of what anticoagulant?
Lovenox
Significance of new onset left bundle branch block in pt with MI?
Indicated treatment?
Occlusion of LAD
Thrombolytics
Isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly – responds best to what drug class?
Thiazides
Pt with depression – do not use these antihypertensives?
Beta blocker, clonidine
Best initial test for peripheral vascular occlusive disease?
ABI
Symptoms of congestive heart failure in infants are usually observed when?
Feeding
Surgeries with the highest incidence of DVTs?
#neurosurgical procedures #Orthopedic procedures
Patient with aortic stenosis – do not perform this test?
Perferred treatment?
Effect of balloon valvotomy on survival?
Use of medical management?
Exercise stress test
Valve replacement
Does not prolong survival
Not effective
Contraindications for beta blockers?
#Hemodynamic instability #Severe asthma #Heart block #Bradycardia
Leading cause of death among women?
Cardiovascular disease
Who should get a resting EKG for surgery?
#Males over 45, females over 55 #Diabetes #Chest pain #Previous history of cardiac disease