Lipids

Question 1

Phospholipid

Answer 1

Phosopholipids have a hydrophobic head (phosphate in it) and two tails consisting of a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. Choline is in the phospholipid.

These are the barrier to protect cells.

Question 2

Sterols

Answer 2

Sterols maintain the rigidity and fluidity, and permeability of membranes. Available in nuts, products of flour, oil, butter and soybeans.

Sterols structure is multiple carbon bonds linked in a hexagon with a H atom on one end.

Question 3

Fatty acid

Answer 3

A carboxylic acid with a long aphatic tail called a chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
These are the building blocks of the fat in our bodies and food.

Looks like a forest of hydrogen attached to a carbon chain.

Question 4

Triglyceride

Answer 4

Unneeded/unused calories are turned into triglycerides. Hormones later release triglycerides for energy between meals. Also available in butter oils and fats.
A triglyceride is a glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acid tails.

Question 5

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 5

Saturated fatty acids have hydrocarbon chains connected by single bonds only. These are available in in animal based products.

Question 6

Mono-saturated fatty acids

Answer 6

A fatty acid is a fatty acid with one double bond in it’s hydrocarbon chain. These fats are available in avocado, nuts and lots of organic plant oils.

Question 7

Poly unsaturated fatty acids.

Answer 7

This fatty acid has two or more double bonds per chain. Available in fish, egg, avocado, walnuts, rapeseed and soybean (omega 3 and 6).

Question 8

Trans-fatty acids

Answer 8

Trans-fatty acids are fatty acids which have been hydrogenated (turning oil into a solid). Trans-fatty acid can be found in fried foods, baked goods, margarine, ghee and pies.

Question 9

Saturated fatty acid effects on body

Answer 9

Support hormone production, cell membrane structure, energy storage and production.

Can also increase cholesterol, produce heart issues and cancer if too much is consumed.

Question 10

Mono-saturated fatty acids effects on body

Answer 10

Lowers cholesterol, provides nutrience and otherwise the same as saturated fatty acids (minus the negatives).

Too much can lead to weight gain.

Question 11

Poly unsaturated fatty acids effects on body

Answer 11

Improved cognitive function, muscle growth and repair, lowered bad cholesterol levels and provides nutrience and energy.

Too much leads to weight gain.

Question 12

Trans-fatty acids effects on body

Answer 12

Increase risk of heart disease, increase in bad cholesterol and decrease in good cholesterol and weight gain.