Lipid Lowering Drugs part3 Flashcards
How can you determine if a patient has metabolic syndrome
by seeing if more than 3 risk factors are present
what are the risk factors for metabolic syndrome
abdominal obesity high triglycerides low HDL blood pressure high fasting glucose
What are the levels of abdominal obesity for metabolic syndrome
greater than 102 cm (40in) for men
greater than 88cm(35in) for women
What are the levels of triglycerides that put you at risk for metabolic syndrome
above or equal to 150mg/dL
What are the levels of HDL-c that put men or women at risk for metabolic syndrome
below 40mg/dL for men
below 50mg/dL for women
What are less of blood pressure that put a patient at risk for high blood pressure
above or equal to 130/85mmHg
What is a high fasting glucose that puts patients at risk for metabolic syndrome
above or equal to 100mg/dL
What are the normal, borderline high, high, and very high levels of triglycerides according to ATPIII
normal: below 150mg/dL
borderline high: 150-199mg/dL
high: 200-499 mg/dL
very high: above 500mg/dL
We need to treat triglycerides at what lvel
150mg/dL
What is the primary goal in all this therapy
to treat LDL
What other things can be done to control triglycerides as well
weight management and exercise
If triglyceriders are 200mg/dL after LDL goal is reached what can be done
set a second goal for non-HDL cholesterol, which is total minus HDL that will be 30mg/dL higher than LDL goal (Rule)
What can be inferred from the Desirable Cholesterol graph on page 11
all other animal stay undr 140mg/dL, which mean cholesterol should not be too high
According to the graph on page 11, what is the connection between coronary heart diseas and LDL cholesterol levels
the connection of LDL-c and CHD events shows that the higher the LDL-c goal was the more likely CHD events occurred—goal need to be lower–the event rate is predicted to be zero at an LDL level of about 57mg/dL
What does the graph LDL and atherosclerosis progression show
atherosclerosis progression varies directly with low density lipoprotein cholesterol; this regression line indicates that atherosclerosis does not progress when LDL is 67mg/dL or below
What is the natural progression of atherosclerosis
normal artery—-fatty streak—fibrous plaque—advanced plaque—complete occulsion thrombus (can travel to brain if dislodged) and cause stroke
What are the stats on childhood obesity
overall its tripled in the the last 30 years
-from age 6-11 years; obese increased from 7% in 1980 to 20% in 2008
What are the stats on adolescent obesity
from age 12-19 years
increased form 5% to 18% from 1980 to 2008
In 2008 what percent of child or adolescents were obese
about 1/3 or 30%
Explain the anatomy of an atherosclerotic plaque
on the top there is hopefully a fibrous cap that keep the plaque intact
next a lipid core and a shoulder portion that
is connected to the intima of the blood vessel
below this is the media which is the elastic tissue that give compliance for blood vessel
What creates the fibrous cap
leukocytes attack the foreign lipids in the blood stream, the accumulate on lesion and undergo death(apoptosis) which causes the fibrous cap
How does human atherogenesis occur
its a gradual process
