Limbs, Muscular Compartments, Arterial Supply, Venous Drainage, Lymphatics & Nerve Supply Flashcards

1
Q

List the compartments of the arm.

A

1 - Anterior compartment.

2 - Posterior compartment.

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2
Q

List the compartments of the forearm.

A

1 - Anterior compartment.

2 - Posterior compartment.

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3
Q

List the compartments of the thigh.

A

1 - Anterior compartment.

2 - Posterior compartment.

3 - Medial compartment.

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4
Q

List the compartments of the leg.

A

1 - Anterior compartment.

2 - Posterior compartment.

3 - Lateral compartment.

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5
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

Give the nerve root of this nerve.

A

The musculocutaneous nerve (roots C5-C7).

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6
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

The brachial artery.

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7
Q

List the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm.

A

1 - Biceps brachii.

2 - Brachialis.

3 - Brachioradialis.

4 - Coracobrachialis.

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Give the nerve root of this nerve.

A

The radial nerve (roots C5-T1).

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9
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

The profunda brachii artery.

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10
Q

Name the musce of the posterior compartment of the arm.

A

Triceps brachii.

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11
Q

What is the name of the fascia that separates the muscular compartments of the forearm?

A

Interosseus membrane.

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12
Q

What separates muscles within the compartments of the thigh and forearm?

A

Intermuscular septa.

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13
Q

How are the compartments of the forearm segmented?

A
  • Into superficial and deep muscle layers.

- The anterior compartment also has an intermediate muscle layer.

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14
Q

List 3 actions of muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

1 - Flexion at the wrist.

2 - Flexion of the fingers.

3 - Pronation.

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15
Q

List the muscles of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

1 - Pronator teres.

2 - Flexor carpi radialis.

3 - Flexor carpi ulnaris.

4 - Palmaris longus.

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16
Q

List the actions of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

Flexion and adduction at the wrist and pronation.

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17
Q

Name the muscle of the intermediate anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis.

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18
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flexion of the phalanges and wrist.

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19
Q

List the muscles of the deep anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

1 - Flexor digitorum profundus.

2 - Flexor pollicis longus.

3 - Pronator quadratus.

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20
Q

List the actions of the deep anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

Flexion of the phalanges and wrist.

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21
Q

List the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the forearm.

A

1 - Brachioradialis.

2 - Extensor carpi radialis longus.

3 - Extensor carpi radialis brevis.

4 - Extensor carpi ulnaris.

5 - Anconeus.

22
Q

List the actions of the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the forearm.

A

Extension of the phalanges and wrist.

23
Q

List the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm.

A

1 - Supinator.

2 - Abductor pollicis longus.

3 - Extensor pollicis longus.

4 - Extensor pollicis brevis.

5 - Extensor indicis proprius.

24
Q

List the actions of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm.

A

1 - Supination.

2 - Extension of the phalanges.

25
Q

Describe the innervation of the forearm.

A
  • The anterior compartment is innervated by the median and ulnar nerves.
  • The posterior compartment is innervated by the radial nerve.
26
Q

List the major arteries of the upper limb in order from proximal to distal.

A

1 - Subclavian.

2 - Axillary.

3 - Brachial.

4 - Radial.

5 - Ulnar.

6 - Palmar arches.

27
Q

Where does the subclavian artery terminate?

A

At the lateral border of the first rib.

28
Q

Where does the axillary artery terminate?

A

At the lower border of teres minor.

29
Q

Where does the brachial artery terminate?

A

At the tuberosity of the radius.

30
Q

Where do the radial and ulnar arteries terminate?

A

At distal ends of the radius / ulna.

31
Q

List the two major veins of the upper limb.

A

1 - Cephalic vein (lateral).

2 - Basilic vein (medial).

32
Q

Which vein joins the cephalic and basilic veins?

A

The median cubital vein.

33
Q

Which nerves innervate the hand?

A

The median and ulnar nerve.

34
Q

List the connective tissue layers of the thigh.

A

1 - Skin.

2 - Superficial fascia.

3 - Deep fascia (fascia lata).

4 - Medial, lateral and posterior intermuscular septa.

35
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

What are the muscles of this compartment known as?

A
  • To extend the knee and flex the hip.

- Quadriceps.

36
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

What are the muscles of this compartment known as?

A
  • To flex the knee and extend the hip.

- Hamstrings.

37
Q

What is the function of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

To adduct the hip.

38
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Give the nerve root of this nerve.

A

The femoral nerve (roots L2-4).

39
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Give the nerve root of this nerve.

A

The obturator nerve (roots L2-4).

40
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Give the nerve root of this nerve.

A

The sciatic nerve (roots L4-S3).

41
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

The femoral artery.

42
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

The obturator artery.

43
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Profunda femoris.

44
Q

List the fascial layers that separate the leg into its compartments.

A

1 - The deep fascia that is continuous with the deep fascia of the thigh.

2 - The interosseus membrane.

45
Q

How is the posterior compartment of the leg segmented?

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg known as?

A
  • Into superficial and deep groups.

- Known as the calf muscles.

46
Q

List the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg.

What are these muscles collectively known as?

A

1 - Gastrocnemius.

2 - Soleus.

3 - Plantaris.

  • Known collectively as the triceps surae.
47
Q

What is the common tendon of insertion of triceps surae?

A

The achilles tendon.

48
Q

What is the main action of the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantar flexion.

49
Q

List the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg.

A

1 - Popliteus.

2 - Flexor hallucis longus.

3 - Tibialis posterior.

4 - Flexor digitorum longus.

50
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

Give the root of this nerve.

A

The tibial nerve (roots L4-S3).

51
Q

What are the main actions of the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantar flexion and flexion of the toes.