Anatomical & Functional Design Template of Human Limbs

Question 1

What are the two general parts to the human skeleton?

Answer 1

1 - The axial skeleton.

2 - The appendicular skeleton.

Question 2

What are the groups of small bones in the hands and feet from proximal to distal?

Answer 2

• Carpal or tarsal bones.
• Metacarpal or metatarsal bones.
• Phalanges.

Question 3

What compartments does the upper limb have?

Answer 3

• An anterior / flexor compartment.

- A posterior / extensor compartment.

Question 4

Which of the muscular compartments of the upper limb has a richer nerve supply, and why?

Answer 4

• The flexor compartment.

- Flexor muscles (expecially of the hand) require more precision control.

Question 5

What compartments does the thigh have?

Answer 5

• An anterior / flexor compartment.
• A posterior / extensor compartment.
• A medial / adductor compartment.

Question 6

From which nerves are the plexuses supplying the limbs derived?

Answer 6

Anterior rami.

Question 7

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

Answer 7

C5-T1.

Question 8

How are the roots of the brachial plexus divided into trunks?

Answer 8

• Upper trunk: C5 + C6.
• Middle trunk: C7.

Lower trunk: C8 + T1.

Question 9

What do all trunks of the brachial plexus divide into?

Answer 9

Anterior and posterior divisions.

Question 10

What do the divisions of the brachial plexus give rise to?

Which anatomical structure are they named in relation to?

Answer 10

• Medial, lateral and posterior cords.

- Named in relation to the axillary artery.

Question 11

List the nerves of the upper limb that emerge from the brachial plexus.

Answer 11

MARMU:

• Musculocutaneous.
• Axillary.
• Radial.
• Median.
• Ulnar.

Question 12

Behind which muscle does the lumbar plexus form?

Answer 12

Psoas major.

Question 13

List the nerves emerging from the lumbar plexus both lateral to psoas major and medial to psoas major.

Answer 13

Lateral to psoas major:

1 - Femoral.

2 - Iliohypogastric.

3 - Ilioinguinal.

4 - Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh.

Medial to psoas major:

1 - Obturator.

2 - Lumbosacral trunk.

Question 14

What are the roots of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 14

L1-L4.

Question 15

Which anatomical structure forms the sacral plexus?

Answer 15

The lumbosacral trunk.

Question 16

What are the roots of the lumbosacral trunk?

Answer 16

Half of L4 and all of L5.

Question 17

List the regions supplied by the sacral plexus.

Answer 17

1 - Pelvic region.

2 - Gluteal region.

3 - Perineal region.

4 - The lower limb.

Question 18

Via which nerve does the sacral plexus supply the lower limb?

Answer 18

Via the sciatic nerve.

Question 19

Why do some muscles of the upper and lower limbs have double innervation?

Which muscles are more likely to receive double innervation?

Answer 19

• The muscle is developed in the opposing compartment (flexor / extensor), but moves to the compartment in which it is found in adults, bringing its nerve with it.
• Usually flexor muscles that have double innervation from the extensor compartment.