Basic(!) Anatomy of the Neck and Back Flashcards
What are the origins and insertions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Origins: Manubrium and clavicle.
Insertion: Mastoid process.
Which nerves innervate the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
The accessory nerve of the same side.
Describe the blood supply to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
- Upper: Branches of the occipital artery.
- Middle: Superior thyroid artery and external carotid artery.
- Lower: Suprascapular artery.
Describe the actions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
- Cervical flexion.
- Cervical rotation.
Describe the origins and insertions of the trapezius muscle.
Origins: Occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12.
Insertions: Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula.
Which nerves innervate the trapezius muscle?
The accessory nerve.
Describe the blood supply to the trapezius muscle.
- Transverse cervical artery.
- Superficial cervical artery.
Describe the actions of the trapezius muscle.
Of the scapula:
- Rotation.
- Retraction.
- Elevation.
- Depression.
List the suprahyoid muscles.
1 - Digastric.
2 - Stylohyoid.
3 - Geniohyoid.
4 - Mylohyoid.
List the infrahyoid muscles.
1 - Sternohyoid.
2 - Sternothyroid.
3 - Thyrohyoid.
4 - Omohyoid.
What is the general action of the suprahyoid muscles?
To elevate the hyoid and larynx during swallowing.
What is the general action of the infrahyoid muscles?
To depress the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speech.
List 2 functions of fascial compartmentation.
1 - To ease movement.
2 - To determine the spread of infection.
Describe the arrangement of deep cervical fascia of the neck.
- Three fascial layers:
1 - Investing layer.
2 - Pretracheal fascia.
3 - Prevertebral fascia.
- All 3 condense to form the carotid sheath.
What does the investing layer of deep fascia enclose?
1 - The trapezius muscle.
2 - The sternocleidomastoid muscle.
3 - The submandibular gland.
What does the pretracheal layer of deep fascia enclose?
1 - The infrahyoid muscles.
2 - The trachea.
3 - The oesophagus.
4 - The thyroid gland.
What are the attachments of the pretracheal layer of deep fascia?
- It attaches to the hyoid and thorax.
- It blends with the pericardium.
What does the prevertebral layer of deep fascia enclose?
1 - The vertebral column.
2 - Muscles of the back.
What are the attachments of the prevertebral layer of deep fascia?
It attaches to the cranial base and endothoracic fascia.
Which layer of fascia defines the visceral compartment of the neck?
The pretracheal layer of deep fascia.
Which layer of fascia defines the muscular compartment of the neck?
The prevertebral layer of deep fascia.
List 4 important structures contained within the carotid sheath.
1 - The common / internal carotid arteries.
2 - The internal jugular vein.
3 - The vagus nerve.
4 - The deep cervical lymph nodes.
When might potential spaces form in between fascial planes of the neck?
After infection or bleeding.
What separates the retropharyngeal space from the danger space?
Alar fascia.