Lesson 9 Flashcards
Weather, comparatives, and more usage of the verb HACER ("to do/make")
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It is nice out
Hace buen tiempo
It is nice out - Hace buen tiempo. Note that hacer buen tiempo literally translates as “to make good weather”
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How is the climate in Mexico?
¿Cómo es el clima en México?
climate, atmosphere - el clima. Note that we use ser when describing climate, but estar when describing weather
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I do not want to go to Alaska because it is very cold
No quiero ir a Alaska porque hace mucho frío
It is cold - hace frío
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It is very hot at the beach
Hace mucho calor en la playa
beach - la playa
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It is very hot, so they want to swim
Hace mucho calor, entonces ellos quieren nadar
to swim - nadar. Note that nadar is conjugated like a regular -ar verb
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It is very sunny; let’s go to the beach
Hace mucho sol; vamos a la playa
It is sunny - Hace sol
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Do you want to swim in the sea?
¿Quieres nadar en el mar?
sea - el mar
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We do not want to go to the beach because it is very windy
No queremos ir a la playa porque hace mucho viento
It is windy - Hace viento. Note that viento is the word for “wind”
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Why do you want to go out? It is raining!
¿Por qué quieres salir? ¡Está lloviendo!
to rain - llover. Note that llover is an irregular verb in the present tense and is conjugated like mover
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It rains a lot in Seattle
Llueve mucho en Seattle
it rains - llueve. Note that llover is an -o > -ue stem-changing verb in the present tense
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It is snowing. It is so cold!
Está nevando, ¡que frío hace!
to snow - nevar
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It snows a lot in the United States
Nieva mucho en los Estados Unidos
it snows - nieva
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Lucía never goes out in the rain
Lucía nunca sale a la lluvia
rain - la lluvia
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I prefer snow to rain
Prefiero la nieve a la lluvia
snow - la nieve
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It is hot, but it is very cloudy
Hace calor, pero está muy nublado
cloudy - nublado
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Today is very sunny, so we want to go to the beach
Hoy está muy soleado, entonces queremos ir a la playa
sunny - soleado
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When it is cold, you should drink tea
Cuando hace frío, hay que tomar té
one should, must - hay que. This construction is used very frequently in Spanish
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At the beach, one must be careful
En la playa, hay que tener cuidado
to be careful - tener cuidado. This literally means “to have care.” The sentence “Be careful” is sometimes shortened to simply ¡Cuidado!
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There is no school because of the snow
No hay escuela a causa de la nieve
because of - a causa de. It is often acceptable to simply use por (e.g. No hay colegio por la nieve)
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In spite of the cold, we are still going to the beach
A pesar del frío, todavía vamos a la playa
in spite of - a pesar de
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He cannot drive because there is a lot of fog
No puede conducir porque hay mucha neblina
fog - la neblina
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to see
ver
to see - ver. Note that ver is an irregular verb in the present tense
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I do not see anything because it is so cloudy
No veo nada porque está tan nublado
I see - veo
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Don’t you __see the man that is over there?
¿No ves al hombre que está allá?
you see - ves
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Juan does not see my cousins that are right there
Juan no ve a mis primos que están allí
he/she sees - ve
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We do not see anything. There is a lot of fog
No vemos nada. Hay mucha neblina
we see - vemos
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Don’t you (vosotros) see how big the sun is today?
¿No veis qué grande está el sol hoy?
you (vosotros) see - veis
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Do you all see the baby?
¿Ven ustedes al bebé?
you (uds) see - ven
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Marco and Paula never see my cousins because they live far from here
Marco y Paula nunca ven a mis primos porque viven lejos de aquí
they see - ven
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TO SEE
- I see
- You see
- He/She sees
- We see
- You see
- They see
VER
- Yo veo
- Tú ves
- Él/Ella/Ud ve
- Nosotros vemos
- Vosotros veis
- Ellos/Ellas/Uds ven
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Seasons in the United States are very nice
Las estaciónes en los Estados Unidos son muy bonitas
season - la estación, la temporada. Note that most Spanish words ending in -ción are feminine
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Where I live, it snows a lot in winter
Donde vivo, nieva mucho en invierno
winter - el invierno
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There are a lot of flowers at my grandmother’s house
Hay muchas flores en la casa de mi abuela
flower - la flor
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Flowers come out in spring
Las flores salen en primavera
spring - la primavera
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In summer, we go to our beach house in Mexico
En verano, vamos a nuestra casa de la playa en México
summer - el verano
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Can we write on that page?
¿Podemos escribir en esa hoja?
page - la hoja
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How beautiful are these leaves!
¡Qué bonitas son estas hojas!
leaf - la hoja. Note that “page” and “leaf” both translate as hoja in Spanish.
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There are no leaves on that tree
No hay hojas en ese árbol
tree - el árbol
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There are a lot of leaves on the street in fall
Hay muchas hojas en la calle en otoño
fall - el otoño
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Don’t you all see the boat that is in the sea?
¿Uds no ven el barco que está en el mar?
boat - el barco
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My younger brother eats more than I do
Mi hermano menor come más que yo
(verb) more than - (verb) más que
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This boat is bigger than that boat
Este barco es más grande que ese barco
more - más . Note the structure of a “more than” comparative : más + (adjective) + que (e.g. “Juan is stronger than me” Juan es más fuerte que yo)
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These boats are the biggest ones in all of Mexico
Estos barcos son los más grandes en todo México
the most - el más, los más, etc.
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Cecilia is one of the biggest students in this class
Cecilia es una de las estudiantes más grandes en esta clase
one of the… - uno de los…
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Mateo is less strong than Antonio
Mateo es menos fuerte que Antonio
less - menos . Note the structure of a “less than” comparative: menos + (adjective) + que
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Irene is the least beautiful of the class
Irene es la menos guapa de la clase
the least - el menos. Note that in order to say “the least”, you must use a definite article (el or la) followed by menos + (adjective)
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My grandma is about seventy years old
Mi abuela tiene más o menos setenta años
about (approximately) - más o menos. This literally means “more or less”, a phrase which is sometimes used in English as well
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Maite has more books __than Victoria
Maite tiene más libros que Victoria
more (noun) than - más (noun) que. However, before a number, use más de (e.g. “more than 100 books” - más de cien libros)
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There are more than fifty students in this class
Hay más de cincuenta estudiantes en esta clase
more than (for numbers) - más de
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I think beer is better than wine
Creo que la cerveza es mejor que el vino
better - mejor. Be careful not to say más bueno, which is just as incorrect as saying “more good” in English
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Marta is the best student in our class
Marta es la mejor estudiante en nuestra clase
the best - el/la mejor
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Who says that I am a worse son than my brother?
¿Quién dice que soy un peor hijo que mi hermano?
worse - peor. Note that peor precedes the noun that it is describing
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I do not want to be the worst student, so I study a lot
No quiero ser la peor estudiante, entonces estudio mucho
the worst - el/la peor
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That building is so tall!
¡Ese edificio es tan alto!
so (very) - tan
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He has so many girlfriends!
¡Tiene tantas novias!
so much, so many - tanto. Be careful not to say *tan mucho*, which is incorrect
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Paulina is as pretty as her oldest sister
Paulina es tan bonita como su hermana mayor
as (adjective) as - tan (adjective) como
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How big is your car?
¿Qué tan grande es tu carro? OR ¿Cuán grande es tu carro?
how (abstract adjective) - qué tan (abstract adjective)
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(There are many women.)
Marcos always talks to the pretty one
Marcos siempre habla con la bonita
the (adjective) one - el (adjective). Note that in Spanish, we do not use the word “one.” The adjective itself can act as a noun in this case
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What is the weather like?
¿Cómo está el tiempo?
weather - el tiempo
