Lesson 11 Flashcards
The prepositions POR vs PARA and some more restaurant vocabulary
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It’s your birthday; let’s go to a restaurant
Es tu cumpleaños; vamos a un restaurante
restaurant - el restaurante
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I am going to read the restaurant’s menu
Voy a leer el menú del restaurante
menu - el menú
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There’s not much order in my tiny apartment
No hay mucho orden en mi apartamento pequeñito
order (stability, organization) - el orden. Do not confuse this with la orden, which refers to a command or request
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I am going to ask for an order of chicken
Voy a pedir una orden de pollo
order (command, request) - la orden. Do not confuse this with el orden, which refers to stability or organization
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The waitress is going to go for our food
La mesera va a ir por nuestra comida
waiter, waitress - el mesero, la mesera. In Spain, a waiter is referred to as un camarero
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I am going to ask for a pitcher of water
Voy a pedir una jarra de agua
pitcher - la jarra
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I am very thirsty; I am going to ask for a glass of water
Tengo mucha sed, voy a pedir un vaso de agua
glass (for drinking) - el vaso
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Raquel wants a cup of very hot coffee
Raquel quiere una taza de café muy caliente
cup, mug - la taza
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Marcos and I are outside of the restaurant. Where are you?
Marcos y yo estamos afuera del restaurante, ¿Dónde estás tú?
outside - afuera (de)
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I am inside the restaurant, next to a tall, blonde woman
Estoy adentro del restaurante, al lado de una mujer alta y rubia
inside - adentro (de)
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We are going to a place that I do not know
Vamos a un lugar que no conozco
place - el lugar
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Alicia is tall and dark-skinned and is seated next to Ricardo
Alicia es alta y morena y está sentada al lado de Ricardo
seated - sentado. Note that sentado is the past participle of the verb sentarse, a verb which we will learn later on. Also note that past participles agree in number and in in gender with the nouns that they describe
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We are seated at the back of the restaurant
Estamos sentados al fondo del restaurante
at the back of - al fondo de
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Roberto is seated in the back
Roberto está sentado atrás
in back - atrás
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Julia? She is behind Natalia
¿Julia? Está detrás de Natalia
behind - detrás de
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I have an apple in my hand
Tengo una manzana en la mano
hand - la mano. Note that mano is actually a feminine noun. Also remember that in Spanish, you do not use the possessive when referring to body parts since it is assumed that they already belong to the person in question (i.e. Escribo con la mano not *Escribo con mi mano*)
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She makes the cake by hand
Ella hace el pastel a mano
by hand - a mano
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My cousin is seated to my right
Mi primo está sentado a mi derecha
right - derecha. Note that derecha can only mean ‘“right” in terms of directions. You cannot say *Ella es derecha* to mean “She is right”
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You are right, Margarita is very pretty
Tienes razón, Margarita es muy bonita
to be right - tener razón. Note that tener razón literally means “to have reason”
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He is blond and short and is seated to our right
Es rubio y bajo y está sentado a la derecha de nosotros
on the right of - a la derecha de
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I believe in women’s rights
Creo en los derechos de la mujer
rights - los derechos
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Antonio does not write with his left hand
Antonio no escribe con la mano izquierda
left - izquierda
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My house is on the left of Pepe’s house
Mi casa está a la izquierda de la casa de Pepe
on the left of - a la izquierda de
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We write with our left hand because we are left-handed
Escribimos con la mano izquierda porque somos zurdos
left-handed - zurdo
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Is your sister on the right side of Guillermo?
¿Está tu hermana a la mano derecha de Guillermo?
on the right/left side/hand - a mano derecha/izquierda
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The restaurant is behind the mountain
El restaurante está detrás de la montaña
mountain - la montaña
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My grandfather lives beyond the mountains
Mi abuelo vive más allá de las montañas
beyond - más allá de. “The Great Beyond” is often referred to in Spanish as El Más Allá
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Do you know if the kids are leaning against the wall?
¿Sabes si los niños están contra la pared?
against - contra
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Carlos orders without a menu
Carlos pide sin menú
without - sin
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This essay is well-_written_
Este ensayo está bien _escrito _
written - escrito. Note that escrito is the past participle of escribir
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I am about to go out to eat with my friends
Estoy por salir a comer con mis amigos
to be about to - estar por. Note that in this sense, por indicates that an action is about to happen
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I will walk through the streets of Spain
Voy a caminar por las calles de España
through, along, around, by - por. Note that in this sense, por is used to express movement.
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We will study for two days
Vamos a estudiar por dos días
for (time, duration) - por. Note that in this sense, por denotes the time or duration of something
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ten percent
diez por ciento
per - por. Note that por is sometimes used to indicate “per” as well as velocity, frequency and proportion (i.e. Este cuarto mide cinco por cinco “This room measures five by five”)
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Juan works for student rights
Juan trabaja por los derechos de estudiantes
in favor of - por. Note that in this instance, por is used to show support for something, usually a cause or an organization
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That book is written by Gabriel García Márquez
Ese libro está escrito por Gabriel García Márquez
by - por. Note that in this example, por introduces the agent of an action after a passive verb
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I will travel by car to my grandmother’s house
Voy a viajar por carro a la casa de mi abuela
by (transportation) - por. Note that in this case, por indicates the means of transportation
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Thank you for your help
Gracias por tu ayuda
for (gratitude) - por
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Fernanda will cook on behalf of my mother, who is sick
Fernanda va a cocinar por mi mamá que está enferma
on behalf of - por. Note that por is used to indicate doing something “on behalf of” someone
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Marta does not go out because of the snow
Marta no sale por la nieve
because of - por. Note that por can be used interchangeably with a causa de
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It is very cold. That’s why nobody is outside
Hace mucho frío. Por eso nadie está afuera
that’s why, therefore - por eso. Note that por eso literally translates to “because of that”
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What are the uses of the preposition por?
- to indicate movement (through, along, around, by, about)
- to express time and duration (during, for)
- to indicate velocity, frequency and proportion (per)
- to show support for something (for, in favor of)
- to introduce an agent after a passive verb (by)
- to indicate a means of transportation (by)
- to express gratitude or an apology (for)
- to express cause or reason (because of)
- to do something for someone (on behalf of)
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We read this book in order to learn faster
Leemos este libro para aprender mas rápido
in order to, for the purpose of - para. Note that para is used to indicate the purpose of something and often replaces the English word “to”
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This book is for you (ud)
Este libro es para usted
directed to - para. Note that in this case, para means “for the benefit of”, “directed to”, “the recipient of” when followed by a noun or a pronoun
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This summer Marco will go to Spain
Este verano, Marco va a ir para España
to (direction) - para. Note that although you can use a instead of para, many Spanish-speakers use para when referring more to the journey than the destination
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I want this for tomorrow
Quiero esto para mañana
for, by (specific time) - para
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For a child, he speaks well
Para un niño, él habla bien
for (contrast) - para. Note how para is used to express a contrast from something that is expected
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What are the uses of the preposition para?
- to indicate purpose (in order to, for the purpose of)
- to show who is the recipient of something (for, directed to)
- to express direction of a specific place (to)
- to indicate a specific time (for, by)
- to express an unexpected contrast (for)
What is the difference between:
- Ella le dio 100 pesos para el pan
- Ella le dio 100 pesos por el pan
- In the first example (para), she gave him money so that he could buy the bread
- In the second example (por), she gave him money in exchange for the bread
What is the difference between:
- Andan para el parque
- Andan por el parque
- In the first example (para), they are strolling in the direction of the park
- In the second example (por), they are strolling through the park
What is the difference between:
- Él es muy activo para su edad
- Él es muy activo por su edad
- In the first example (para), we are probably talking about an old person who is active in spite of his age
- In the second example (por), we are probably talking about a child who is active because of his age
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Why do you study French?
¿Por qué estudias francés?
French - francés
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Because it is required
Porque es un requisito
requirement - un requisito
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For what purpose do you study Spanish?
¿Para qué estudias español?
for what purpose? - ¿Para qué?
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I’m learning Spanish so that I can travel in Spain
Estoy aprendiendo español para poder viajar en España
to travel - viajar
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This food is made by my grandmother
Esta comida está hecha por mi abuela
made - hecho. Note that hecho is the past participle of the verb hacer
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Marcos will buy a gift for María
i.e. he will give María a gift
Marcos va a comprar un regalo para María
present, gift - el regalo
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Marcos will buy a television for María
i.e. María is unable to buy it, so he will do it for her
Marcos va a comprar una televisión por María
television - la televisión, el televisor, la tele. Note that t**elevisor literally means “television set”, but in some countries televisión or la tele is used for both the appliance and the programs
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We are going to watch TV tomorrow
Vamos a mirar la tele mañana
to watch - mirar. In some countries, they say ver (“to see”) when referring to watching television
