Lesson 5 Flashcards
The present progressive verb tense, common prepositions to describe location, and relationship
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Where are you?
¿(En) Dónde estás?
Where are you? - ¿(En) Dónde estás?
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Where are you going with a suitcase?
¿Adónde vas con una maleta?
(to) where? - ¿adónde? Note that adónde literally means “to where” and must be used whenever you pair dónde with a direction or destination
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I am here
Estoy aquí
here - aquí
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Juan and I are on the street
Juan y yo estamos en la calle
street - la calle
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Adriana and Jimena are over here
Adriana y Jimena están acá
over here - acá. The distinction between aquí and acá varies by region. In some countries the words are used interchangeably
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We are in Mexico
Estamos en México
Mexico - México
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Are they in Spain?
¿Están en España?
Spain - España
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The math books are downstairs
Los libros de matemáticas están abajo
downstairs - abajo. In general, abajo means “below” or “down”
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They are upstairs
Ellos están arriba
upstairs - arriba. In general, arriba means “above” or “up”
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The building is in front of (i.e. across the street from) the university
El edificio está enfrente de la universidad
in front of - enfrente de. In some countries, people use the alternative frente a. Both enfrente de and frente a can be used to mean “across the street from”
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I am behind the door
Estoy detrás de la puerta
behind - detrás de
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The War never ends
La guerra nunca termina
war - la guerra
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Paloma is against the war
Paloma está en contra de la guerra
against - contra, en contra de
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Andrés is next to the pretty girl
Andrés está al lado de la niña bonita
next to - al lado de. Lado literally means “side”, so al lado de can be translated as “to the side of”
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The chair is behind the table
La silla está detrás de la mesa
table - la mesa
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The books are on top of the table
Los libros están encima de la mesa
on top of - encima de
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María is there
María está allí
there - allí
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The building is not here, it is over there
El edificio no está aquí, está allá
over there - allá. Note that allá connotates a more distant location than allí, although both translate to “there” in English
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The school is far from the house
La escuela está lejos de la casa
far from - lejos de
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I am with my teacher
Estoy con mi maestra
my - mi
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I am with my parents
Estoy con mis padres
parents - los padres. Note that mi matches nouns in number
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a very big foot
un pie muy grande
foot - el pie
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We are standing
Estamos de pie
standing - de pie. Note that we can also say “standing” by using the adjective parado, derived from the verb pararse (“to stand up”)
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We go to school on foot
Vamos al colegio a pie
on foot - a pie
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The teachers are on vacation
Los maestros están de vacaciones
vacation - las vacaciones. Note that vacaciones is always plural in Spanish, and that “on vacation” is de vacaciones
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You are among friends
Estás entre amigos
among - entre
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The number four is between numbers three and five
El número cuatro está entre los números tres y cinco
between - entre. Note that entre means both “between” and “among.”
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José sells this chair and this pen
José vende esta silla y este bolígrafo
this - este, esta
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Alicia is studying art at the university.
Alicia está estudiando arte en la universidad.
studying- estudiando. Note that the spanish equivalent of “-ing” is ando or iendo depending on whether the infinitive ends in -ar or -er and -ir. This Present Progressive tense is always used with estar, not with ser
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Juan and Marcos are working at the library next to my university
Juan y Marcos están trabajando en la biblioteca al lado de mi universidad
working - trabajando
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The teacher is annoyed because the students are talking in front of her
La maestra está molesta porque los estudiantes están hablando en frente de ella
talking - hablando
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You (uds) are teaching class today
Ustedes están enseñando la clase hoy
teaching - enseñando
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My parents and I are walking in between the two buildings
Mis padres y yo estamos caminando entre los dos edificios
walking - caminando
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We are taking photos of the building here
Estamos tomando fotos del edificio aquí
taking - tomando. Note that it is also acceptable to say sacando fotos.
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Mariana and I are not eating because we are dizzy and sick
Mariana y yo no estamos comiendo porque estamos mareadas y enfermas
eating - comiendo
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I am not learning a lot because my teachers are not good
Yo no estoy aprendiendo mucho porque mis maestros no son buenos
learning - aprendiendo
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José is running behind the girl because he thinks that she is pretty
José está corriendo detrás de la niña porque cree que ella es bonita
running - corriendo
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I am selling my chairs because I am not happy with them
Estoy vendiendo mis sillas porque no estoy contento con ellas
selling - vendiendo. Note that ellas or ellos can be used to refer to inanimate objects as well as humans, although this use is rare
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I think that they are reading over there
Creo que están leyendo allá
reading - leyendo. Note that leer (“to read”) is irregular in its present progressive form. Most other -er verbs take the -iendo ending in the progressive
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My friends are opening the library’s big door
Mis amigos están abriendo la puerta grande de la biblioteca
opening - abriendo
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Maite is busy because she is writing an essay for her art class
Maite está ocupada porque está escribiendo un ensayo para su clase de arte
writing - escribiendo
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My parents are living near my university, so I am annoyed
Mis padres están viviendo cerca de mi universidad, entonces estoy molesto
living - viviendo
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Jaime is receiving many letters from his friends who are studying in Spain
Jaime está recibiendo muchas cartas de sus amigos que están estudiando en España
receiving - recibiendo
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You (uds) are going to the classroom that is upstairs, right?
Ustedes están yendo a la clase que está arriba, ¿verdad?
going - yendo (from ir). Note that yendo, like leyendo, is irregular in the present progressive
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What are the present progressive (-ing) verb endings?
Present Progressive endings
- -ar = -ando
- -er = -iendo
- -ir = -iendo
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Carolina is figuring out where Memo is
Carolina está averiguando (en) dónde está Memo
to find out, to figure out - averiguar. To express “finding out” something by chance, without effort, we often use the verb enterarse instead
