Lesson 9 Flashcards
Acoust/o
Hearing, sound
Audi/o, Audit/o
Hearing
Blephar/o
Eyelid
Conjunctiv/o
Conjunctiva
Corne/o
Cornea
Dipl/o
Double
Ir/i, irid/o
Iris
Kerat/o
Horny, hard, cornea
Labyrinth/o
Inner ear
Myring/o
Eardrum, tympanic membrane
Ocul/o & Ophthalm/o
Eye
Opt/o
Vision
Ot/o
Ear
Phak/o
Lens of eye
Presby/o
Old age
Retin/o
Retina
Scler/o
Sclera, white of eye, hard
Trop/o
Turn, change
Tympan/o
Eardrum, tympanic membrane
eso-
Inward
exo-
Outward
intra-
Within
-algia
Pain
-cusis
Hearing
-opia
Vision condition
-pexy
Surgical fixation
Accommodation
Ability of the eye to change focus from distant to near
Cerumen
Earwax
Lacrimation
Secretion of tears
Ptosis (the “P” is silent)
Drooping of the upper eyelid
Snellen chart
Eye-test chart
Tinnitus
Ringing or buzzing sound in the ears
Visual acuity
The ability to identify letters and numbers at a distance
AD/AS/AU
Right ear/left ear/both ears
EOMI
Extraocular movements intact
HEENT
Head, eyes, ears, nose, throat
LASIK
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
OD/OS/OU
Right eye/left eye/both eyes
OE
Otitis externa
PERRLA
Pupils equal, round, reactive to light, and accommodation
OM
Otitis media
TM
Tympanic membrane, eardrum
adnexa
the appendages or the accessory structures of an organ
barotrauma
pressure-related ear discomfort that is often caused by changes in air pressure
diplopia
also known as double vision, is the perception of two images of a single object
hemianopia
blindness in one half of the visual field
nystagmus
an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball
otitis media
an inflammation of the middle ear
otomycosis
a fungal infection of the external auditory canal
otopyorrhea
the flow of pus from the ear
otorrhea
any discharge from the ear
periorbital edema
swelling surrounding the eye or eyes
photophobia
excessive sensitivity to light and can be the result of migraines, excessive wearing of contact lenses, drug use, or inflammation
presbycusis
the gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages
presbyopia
describes the common changes in the eye that occur with aging
radial keratotomy
a surgical procedure to correct myopia by making an incision partially through the cornea to cause it to flatten
strabismus
a disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are otherwise not aligned correctly
tinnitus
a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears
tonometry
the measurement of intraocular pressure
Sclera
the tough outer tissue that protects the entire eyeball. It is also known as the white of the eye
Choroid
the middle layer of the eye that contains the blood vessels that nourish the eye
Retina
the innermost layer of light-sensitive tissue that lines the back interior of the eye. The retina converts light into electrical impulses that travel through the optic nerve to the brain, which interprets them as images.
anterior chamber of the eye
front part of the eye between the cornea and the lens
posterior chamber of the eye
between the iris and the lens
Cornea
a transparent, dome-shaped membrane at the center of the front of the eye. The cornea has no blood supply and obtains its nutrients from tears and fluid in the anterior chamber behind it.
The cornea plays a crucial role in vision by helping focus the light that comes into the eye onto the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. If the light is not focused properly, the retina makes a blurry image.
The cornea also screens out damaging ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, protecting the lens and retina from injury due to UV rays.
Iris
the colored part of the eye. Pigmentation in the front layers of the iris determines eye color.
The eyes need the correct amount of light to see properly. The primary job of the iris is to regulate how much (or how little) light enters the eye. This is controlled by muscles in the iris. Less light is needed during the day. Conversely, the eye will try to let in more light to see things clearly in darker conditions.
Pupil
the black opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye. As mentioned, the muscles in the iris will either constrict or enlarge the pupil depending on the level of light. In brighter light, the pupil constricts and becomes smaller. In dimmer settings, the pupil enlarges to let in more light
Lens
the clear part of the eye behind the iris that helps to focus light on the retina, which then relays nerve impulses to the brain. The lens also adjusts the eye’s focus, allowing us to see things clearly both up close and far away.
The ability of the lens to bend light rays so they focus on the retina is known as refraction. The lens provides a fine-tuning adjustment to the primary focusing structure of the eye, which is the cornea.
Ptosis
Drooping of the upper eyelid
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid
Ectropion
Turning outward of the edge of an eyelid
Entropion
Turning inward of the edge of an eyelid
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva, also known as pink eye.
Xerophthalmia
A condition of abnormal drying of the eye
Cataract
Loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity
Glaucoma
A group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure
Retinal detachment
The separation of some or all of the light-sensitive retina from the choroid.
Retinoblastoma
Eye cancer caused by the abnormal growth of retinal cells
Diplopia
the perception of two images of a single object, or double vision
Hemianopia
blindless in one half of the visual field
Photophobia
a condition of excessive sensitivity to light
Strabismus
a disorder that causes the eyes to point in opposite directions and the eye muscles are unable to focus together
Orbitotomy
Performed for biopsy, abscess drainage, or removal of a tumor or foreign object
Tarsorrhaphy
Partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids to protect the eyes when the lids are paralyzed or to help corneal lesions heal
Enucleation
Removal of the eyeball, leaving the muscles intact
Ocular prosthesis
Also called an artificial eye, an artificial substitute for a missing eye
Radial keratotomy
Surgical incision into the cornea to make it flatten and improve distance vision
Scleral buckle
A silicone band or sponge to repair a detached retina.
Intraocular lens
Surgically implanted replacement for a lens that has been removed
Laser iridotomy
Surgical incision into the iris to treat closed-angle glaucoma
Pneumatic retinopexy
Injection of a gas bubble into the vitreous cavity to put pressure on the detached area in a retinal detachment to allow it to heal.
Auricle (outer ear)
The medical term for the fleshy outer ear is the auricle or pinna. It is made up of cartilage and skin. The auricle or pinna captures sound waves and transmits them into the external auditory canal, or ear canal.
Ear canal (outer ear)
The ear canal transmits sound waves to the tympanic membrane, located between the outer and middle ear.
Tympanic membrane
located between the outer and middle ear. When sound waves strike the tympanic membrane, the membrane vibrates and transmits the vibrations further, to the bones of the middle ear.
Malleus
the hammer.
Incus
the anvil.
Stapes
the stirrup
Eustachian tube
the canal that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx (the upper throat and the back of the nasal cavity). It controls the air pressure within the middle ear, making it equal to the air pressure outside the body.
Oval window
the membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear. Vibrations enter the inner ear through this structure.
Cochlea
shaped like a snail and contains the spiral organ of Corti, which is the receptor organ for hearing. It consists of tiny hair cells that translate the fluid vibration of sounds from its surrounding ducts into electrical impulses carried to the brain by sensory nerves.
Semicircular canals
lined with hair cells and filled with a liquid substance called endolymph. Every time the head moves, the endolymph moves the hair cells. The movements of the hair cells provide information about the body’s orientation to the brain to help maintain balance.
Acoustic nerve
Coming from the inner ear and running to the brain is the eighth cranial nerve, the acoustic or auditory nerve. This nerve carries both balance and hearing information to the brain.
Otalgia
Earache, pain in the ear
Otitis
Any inflammation of the ear
Otomycosis
A fungal infection of the external auditory canal
Otopyorrhea
A flow of pus from the ear
Otorrhea
Any discharge from the ear
Otorrhagia
Bleeding from the ear
Barotrauma
A pressure-related ear condition
Mastoiditis
An inflammation of the mastoid bone (part of the skull behind the ear)
Otitis media
An inflammation of the middle ear
Otosclerosis
Ankylosis (fusing together) of the bones in the middle ear
Tinnitus
Constant ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears.
Presbycusis
Gradual loss of hearing due to age
Conductive hearing loss
Sound waves not passing from the air to the fluid-filled inner ear; may be caused by a buildup of earwax, punctured eardrum, fluid in the middle ear, or scarring
Sensorineural hearing loss
Caused by damage to the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear
