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Medical Terminology Class > Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ankyl/o

A

Crooked, bent, stiff

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2
Q

Burs/o

A

Bursa

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3
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

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4
Q

Cost/o

A

Rib

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5
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

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6
Q

Fasci/

A

Fascia

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7
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fibrous tissue

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8
Q

Kines/o, kinesi/o

A

Movement

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9
Q

Kyph/o

A

Bent, hump

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10
Q

Lord/o

A

Curve

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11
Q

Lumb/o

A

Lumbar, lower back

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12
Q

Muscul/o

A

Muscle

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13
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow, spinal cord

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14
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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15
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight, normal

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16
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

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17
Q

Ped/o & Pod/o

A

Foot

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18
Q

Phalang/o

A

Bones of the fingers and toes

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19
Q

Radicul/o

A

Nerve or root

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20
Q

Scoli/o

A

Curved, bent

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21
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Vertebrae, vertebral column

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22
Q

Synovi/o

A

Synovial membrane or fluid

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23
Q

Ten/o, Tendin/o

A

Tendon

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24
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra

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25
Q

-desis

A

Fixation of a bone or joint, bind together, fuse

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26
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical excision (removal)

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27
Q

-listhesis

A

Slipping

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28
Q

-lysis

A

Loosening or setting free

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29
Q

-malacia

A

Abnormal softening

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30
Q

-necrosis

A

Tissue death

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31
Q

-oma

A

Tumor

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32
Q

-osis

A

Condition

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33
Q

-penia

A

Deficiency

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34
Q

-plasty

A

Surgical repair

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35
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis

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36
Q

-porosis

A

Porous condition

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37
Q

-rrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing

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38
Q

-rrhexis

A

Rupture

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39
Q

-scopy

A

Visual examination

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40
Q

-tomy

A

Cutting into the organ or area

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41
Q

-ium/-ia

A

Abnormal condition, disease

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42
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

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43
Q

ACL

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (of the knee)

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44
Q

ADLs

A

Activities of daily living (dressing, bathing, feeding, toileting)

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45
Q

AKA

A

Above-the-knee amputation

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46
Q

BDT

A

Bone density testing

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47
Q

BKA

A

Below-the knee amputation

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48
Q

C1–C7

A

Cervical vertebrae

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49
Q

C-spine

A

Cervical spine

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50
Q

CFS

A

Chronic fatigue syndrome

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51
Q

CTS

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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52
Q

DJD

A

Degenerative joint disease

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53
Q

EMG

A

Electromyography

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54
Q

Fx

A

Fracture

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55
Q

L1–L5

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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56
Q

LBP

A

Low back pain

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57
Q

MD

A

Muscular dystrophy

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58
Q

MG

A

Myasthenia gravis

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59
Q

NSAID

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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60
Q

OA

A

Osteoarthritis

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61
Q

OP

A

Osteoporosis

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62
Q

ORIF

A

Open reduction internal fixation

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63
Q

Ortho

A

Orthopedics

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64
Q

OT

A

Occupational therapy

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65
Q

PT

A

Physical therapy

66
Q

RA

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

67
Q

RICE

A

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

68
Q

ROM

A

Range of motion

69
Q

RSD

A

Repetitive stress disorder

70
Q

SLE

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

71
Q

T1–T12

A

Thoracic vertebrae

72
Q

TKR

A

Total knee replacement

73
Q

TMJ

A

Temporomandibular joint

74
Q

arthrodesis

A

a surgical procedure to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder.

75
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

76
Q

comminuted fracture

A

one in which the bone is splintered or crushed.

77
Q

compression fracture

A

a broken bone that occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself.

78
Q

crepitation

A

the crackling sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.

79
Q

dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density.

80
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

81
Q

hemopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

82
Q

kyphosis

A

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.

83
Q

lordosis

A

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine.

84
Q

lumbago

A

the lumbar region of the spine, also known as low back pain.

85
Q

orthotic

A

a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

86
Q

osteoclasis

A

the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.

87
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner than average bone density.

88
Q

osteoporosis

A

a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging.

89
Q

Paget’s disease

A

a bone disease of unknown cause that is characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation.

90
Q

prosthesis

A

an artificial substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated.

91
Q

scoliosis

A

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

92
Q

spina bifida

A

a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.

93
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.`

94
Q

adduction

A

the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

95
Q

adhesion

A

band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.

96
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.

97
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement at the far end of a limb.

98
Q

electromyography

A

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

99
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis of one side of the body.

100
Q

hemiplegia

A

the total paralysis of one side of the body.

101
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of the voluntary muscles.

102
Q

myoparesis

A

a weakness or slight paralysis of the muscle.

103
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

104
Q

pronation

A

act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.

105
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities.

106
Q

sarcopenia

A

age-related reduction in skeletal muscle mass in the elderly.

107
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.

108
Q

tenolysis

A

freeing a tendon from adhesions.

109
Q

Bones

A

Bone is a living tissue that can grow and repair itself. Bone is made mostly of collagen and calcium. Collagen is a protein that provides a soft framework, and calcium is a mineral that adds strength and hardness. This combination of collagen and calcium makes bone flexible and strong enough to withstand stress.

110
Q

Joints

A

A joint is the point at which two or more bones are connected.

111
Q

Cartilage

A

Cartilage is a lining that keeps the bones from grinding against each other. It is softer and more flexible than bone and is found in many other body parts, such as the rib cage, external ear, tip of the nose, and intervertebral disks.

112
Q

Ligaments

A

Ligaments are strong, elastic bands of tissue that join bones to other bones.

113
Q

Bursae

A

A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that cushions areas subject to friction, such as the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints.

114
Q

axial skeleton

A

protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs and is organized into three main parts: the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.

115
Q

Axial skeleton: skull

A

The bones of the skull can be divided into two groups: those of the cranium and those of the face. The eight bones that form the cranium protect the brain. There are 14 bones that form the face. The auditory ossicles are the three tiny bones located in each middle ear.

116
Q

Axial skeleton: Rib cage

A

The rib cage protects the heart and lungs. It consists of 24 ribs, a sternum (breastbone), and 12 thoracic vertebrae of the spinal column.

117
Q

Axial skeleton: Vertebral column

A

Also known as the spinal column, the vertebral column supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord. The bony structures of the spinal column are called vertebrae. There are 26 vertebrae: seven cervical, 12 thoracic, five lumbar, one sacrum, and one coccyx. Intervertebral disks act as shock absorbers that separate and cushion the vertebrae.

118
Q

Axial skeleton: hyoid bone

A

The hyoid bone is located on the throat between the chin and the thyroid gland. It is the only bone in the body that is not connected to any other nearby bones. Instead, the hyoid bone is an attachment point for muscles of the tongue, mouth, larynx, pharynx, and epiglottis.

119
Q

Axial skeleton: ossicles

A

The ossicles are three tiny bones located in the middle ear. Their function is to transmit vibrations from sound waves in the air to the cochlea within the ear.

120
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

attached to the axial skeleton through joints and muscles

121
Q

appendicular skeleton: bones of the upper extremities

A

include the bones of the shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, hands, and finger

122
Q

appendicular skeleton: shoulder girdle

A

pectoral girdle, is a set of bones that connects to the arms on each side. These bones are highly mobile to enhance the range of upper limb movements.

123
Q

appendicular skeleton: bones of the lower extremities

A

include the bones of the hips, legs, thighs, ankles, feet, and toes

124
Q

appendicular skeleton: pelvic girdle

A

a largely immobile, bony, weight-bearing structure that provides a strong foundation for the upper body as it rests on top of the mobile lower limbs.

125
Q

muscle

A

a band of fibrous tissue that has the ability to contract

126
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones and help limbs and other body parts move. These muscles are under conscious, or voluntary, control. They are also known as striated muscles because, under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance. Striated means striped.

127
Q

Smooth muscles

A

Smooth muscles (named because they do not have striations) make up the walls of hollow organs (intestine, stomach, urinary bladder, uterus), blood vessels, and internal muscles of the eye. These muscles are under involuntary control, which means they are not consciously directed.

128
Q

Myocardial muscles

A

Myocardial, or cardiac, muscles make up the wall of the heart and are responsible for the forceful contractions of the heart. The action of these muscles is also involuntary.

129
Q

Fascia

A

the densely woven sheath of connective tissue that supports muscles, bones, nerves, arteries, and veins and surrounds virtually every internal organ of the human body, including the heart, lungs, brain, and spinal cord.
- is one continuous structure that exists uninterrupted from head to toe
- determines the shape of the body and has the appearance of the human form
- collagen is the major component of fascia
- is completely flexible to allow muscle movement

130
Q

Tendons

A

tough cords of tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones

131
Q

pathological fracture

A

bone breaks in area that is weakened by disease

132
Q

stress fracture

A

common among athletes - small crack due to overuse and/or repetitive activity

133
Q

closed vs open fracture

A

not breaking the skin vs breaking the skin

134
Q

greenstick fracture

A

bone bends and cracks instead of breaking into pieces

135
Q

comminuted fracture

A

bone is splintered or crushed into small pieces

136
Q

spiral fracture

A

at least one part of the bone has been twisted

137
Q

oblique fracture

A

break occurs at an angle across the bone

138
Q

transverse fracture

A

break occurs straight across the bone

139
Q

colles’ fracture

A

break of the radius bone close to the wrist that results from a fall onto an outstretched hand

140
Q

hairline fracture

A

bone is broken in a thin crack

141
Q

allogeneic transplants

A

the cells or tissues come from another person

142
Q

autologous transplants

A

the cells come from the patient, perhaps having been removed and treated prior to being placed back into the body

143
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of joint

144
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the fascia (fibrous band of tissue) on the sole of the foot that connects the heel bone to the base of the toes

145
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

occurs when this passageway becomes swollen and puts pressure on the median nerve, resulting in pain and numbness in the hand

146
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

a chronic condition with a wide range of symptoms, including diffuse (widespread) muscle pain and fatigue

147
Q

Distal aspect

A

End of the toe – closer to the nail

148
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruising

149
Q

Ambulate

A

Walk

150
Q

Phalanx

A

Toe

151
Q

Fractures were reduced

A

Bone was set or fixed

152
Q

myofascial release

A

manipulation of soft tissue to reduce pain

153
Q

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

A

the use of a device to deliver small electrical impulses across the skin to relieve pain

154
Q

fasciotomy

A

cutting into the fascia to relieve tension or pressure that can damage tissues

155
Q

Tenodesis

A

the surgical suturing of a tendon to a bone

156
Q

Tenolysis

A

remove adhesions from a tendon

157
Q

Tenotomy

A

the surgical cutting of a tendon to either provide release or allow for lengthening

158
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing of a muscle

159
Q

Myotomy

A

the surgical incision into a muscle

160
Q
A

Medical Terminology Class (10 decks)

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