Lesson 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Cyst/o

A

Urinary bladder

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2
Q

Glycos/o

A

Sugar, glucose

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3
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone or calculus

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4
Q

Nephr/o & Ren/o

A

Kidney

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5
Q

Olig/o

A

Scanty, few

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6
Q

Prostat/o

A

Prostate

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7
Q

Pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis

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8
Q

Ur/o

A

Urine

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9
Q

Ureter/o

A

Ureter

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10
Q

Urethr/o

A

Urethra

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11
Q

dia-

A

Complete, through

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12
Q

-lithiasis

A

Presence of stones

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13
Q

-lysis

A

Separation

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14
Q

-pexy

A

Surgical fixation

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15
Q

-stomy

A

Surgical creation of a new opening

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16
Q

-tomy

A

Surgical incision

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17
Q

-tripsy

A

To crush

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18
Q

-uria

A

Urination, urine

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19
Q

ARF

A

Acute renal failure

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20
Q

AV fistula

A

Arteriovenous fistula

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21
Q

BPH

A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

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22
Q

Cath

A

Catheter, catheterization

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23
Q

CKD

A

Chronic kidney disease

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24
Q

Cysto

A

Cystoscopy

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25
Q

DRE

A

Digital rectal exam

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26
Q

ESRD

A

End-stage renal disease

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27
Q

ESWL

A

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

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28
Q

GFR

A

Glomerular filtration rate

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29
Q

GU

A

Genitourinary

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30
Q

HD

A

Hemodialysis

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31
Q

KUB

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder (x-ray)

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32
Q

PD

A

Peritoneal dialysis

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33
Q

RRT

A

Renal replacement therapy

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34
Q

UA

A

Urinalysis

35
Q

cortex

A

outer portion of an organ

36
Q

extracorporeal

A

occurring outside the body

37
Q

meatus

A

a natural opening in the body

38
Q

micturition & voiding

A

urination

39
Q

orifice

A

opening

40
Q

percutaneous

A

performed through the skin

41
Q

ablation

A

the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function by surgery, hormones, drugs, heat, chemical destruction, electrocautery, or other methods

42
Q

anuria

A

the absence of urine formation by the kidneys

43
Q

diuresis

A

the increased output of urine

44
Q

enuresis

A

the involuntary discharge of urine

45
Q

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

A

the destruction of stones using of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel

46
Q

hemodialysis

A

replaces kidney function by filtering waste products directly from the patient’s blood

47
Q

hydroureter

A

the stretching out of the ureter by urine, is caused by a blockage in the ureter that does not allow the urine to flow normally

48
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

a diagnostic radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters, with the use of a contrast medium administered intravenously

49
Q

nephrolith

A

a stone located in the kidney

50
Q

nephrolys

A

freeing a kidney from adhesions

51
Q

nephroptosis

A

the prolapse or downward displacement of a kidney

52
Q

nephropyosis

A

the formation or discharge of pus from the kidney

53
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

urinary incontinence during sleep, also known as bed wetting

54
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

an inherited kidney disorder in which the kidneys are enlarged because of multiple cysts

55
Q

prostate-specific antigen

A

a blood test used to screen for prostate cancer, commonly referred to as the PSA test

56
Q

suprapubic catheterization

A

the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

57
Q

uremia

A

a toxic condition caused by excessive amounts of urea and other waste products in the bloodstream

58
Q

ureterolith

A

a stone located in the ureter

59
Q

urethropexy

A

the surgical fixation of the urethra, usually performed to correct urinary stress incontinence

60
Q

Kidneys

A

a pair of bean-shaped organs located against the back muscles of the upper abdominal cavity. They filter metabolic wastes and chemicals from the blood to form urine. The area at the center of the kidney is called the renal pelvis. Urine collects in the renal pelvis and is funneled into the ureter.

61
Q

Ureters

A

a pair of tubes on the left and right sides of the body that connect the kidney to the urinary bladder. Gravity and peristalsis move urine through the ureters.

62
Q

Urethra

A

a tube through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra is also an organ of the male reproductive system, carrying sperm out of the body.

63
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

a condition of kidney stones and is also called calculi. Kidney stones result from the growth of crystals into stones. Crystals form in urine that are supersaturated with particular minerals and salts, such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid.

64
Q

Chronic Kidney Disease/kidney failure

A

a condition in which the kidneys lose their ability to remove waste products and excess fluid from the bloodstream. The most common causes of CKD are diabetes and high blood pressure. The main goal of treatment is to prevent the progression of CKD to complete kidney failure. The best way to do this is to control the underlying cause.

65
Q

Nephropathy

A

Any disease of the kidney

66
Q

Renal Failure

A

The inability of one or both kidneys to perform their functions

67
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Swelling of one or both kidneys, which may be caused by urine backup due to a blockage

68
Q

Nephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney

69
Q

Polycystic kidney disease

A

Genetic disorder characterized by the growth of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

70
Q

Cystocele

A

Hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

71
Q

Interstitial cystitis

A

Chronic inflammation in the walls of the bladder

72
Q

Neurogenic bladder

A

A urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

73
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs with age

74
Q

Cystoscopy

A

a procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions that affect the urethra and urinary bladder. Cystoscopy is done with a cystoscope, an optical instrument with an additional port for the insertion of instruments. Water or saline is infused through the cystoscope into the bladder. The bladder wall is stretched as the fluid fills the bladder so the urologist can see clearly. The cystoscope can be used for biopsies, and the removal of stones, polyps, and some tumors.

75
Q

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

A

an x-ray image using intravenous contrast medium to better visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. An IVP is used to diagnose lithographs, infections, enlarged prostate, tumors, and internal injuries after an abdominal trauma.

76
Q

KUB (Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder)

A

an x-ray image without the use of contrast medium, used to detect bowel obstructions and nephroliths.

77
Q

Diuretics

A

Medications that increase urine secretion

78
Q

Antibiotics

A

Used to treat urinary tract infections

79
Q

Antispasmodics

A

Antispasmodics

80
Q

Lithotomy

A

Surgical incision to remove a nephrolith from the bladder

81
Q

Hemodialysis

A

your blood passes through a filter called a dialyzer and is forced into very thin, hollow fibers. As your blood passes through the hollow fibers, dialysis fluid passes in the opposite direction on the outside of the fibers. Waste products from the blood move into the dialysis fluid that contains water and chemicals that safely remove wastes, extra salt, and fluid from your blood. Filtered blood remains in the hollow fibers and returns to the body.

82
Q

Peritoneal Dialysis

A

dialysis fluid (called dialysate) is infused into the abdominal cavity through a catheter. The fluid is held within the abdomen for a prescribed period; this is called a dwell.

83
Q
A