Lesson 7 Flashcards
Cyst/o
Urinary bladder
Glycos/o
Sugar, glucose
Lith/o
Stone or calculus
Nephr/o & Ren/o
Kidney
Olig/o
Scanty, few
Prostat/o
Prostate
Pyel/o
Renal pelvis
Ur/o
Urine
Ureter/o
Ureter
Urethr/o
Urethra
dia-
Complete, through
-lithiasis
Presence of stones
-lysis
Separation
-pexy
Surgical fixation
-stomy
Surgical creation of a new opening
-tomy
Surgical incision
-tripsy
To crush
-uria
Urination, urine
ARF
Acute renal failure
AV fistula
Arteriovenous fistula
BPH
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Cath
Catheter, catheterization
CKD
Chronic kidney disease
Cysto
Cystoscopy
DRE
Digital rectal exam
ESRD
End-stage renal disease
ESWL
Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
GFR
Glomerular filtration rate
GU
Genitourinary
HD
Hemodialysis
KUB
Kidneys, ureters, bladder (x-ray)
PD
Peritoneal dialysis
RRT
Renal replacement therapy
UA
Urinalysis
cortex
outer portion of an organ
extracorporeal
occurring outside the body
meatus
a natural opening in the body
micturition & voiding
urination
orifice
opening
percutaneous
performed through the skin
ablation
the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function by surgery, hormones, drugs, heat, chemical destruction, electrocautery, or other methods
anuria
the absence of urine formation by the kidneys
diuresis
the increased output of urine
enuresis
the involuntary discharge of urine
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
the destruction of stones using of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel
hemodialysis
replaces kidney function by filtering waste products directly from the patient’s blood
hydroureter
the stretching out of the ureter by urine, is caused by a blockage in the ureter that does not allow the urine to flow normally
intravenous pyelogram
a diagnostic radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters, with the use of a contrast medium administered intravenously
nephrolith
a stone located in the kidney
nephrolys
freeing a kidney from adhesions
nephroptosis
the prolapse or downward displacement of a kidney
nephropyosis
the formation or discharge of pus from the kidney
nocturnal enuresis
urinary incontinence during sleep, also known as bed wetting
polycystic kidney disease
an inherited kidney disorder in which the kidneys are enlarged because of multiple cysts
prostate-specific antigen
a blood test used to screen for prostate cancer, commonly referred to as the PSA test
suprapubic catheterization
the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
uremia
a toxic condition caused by excessive amounts of urea and other waste products in the bloodstream
ureterolith
a stone located in the ureter
urethropexy
the surgical fixation of the urethra, usually performed to correct urinary stress incontinence
Kidneys
a pair of bean-shaped organs located against the back muscles of the upper abdominal cavity. They filter metabolic wastes and chemicals from the blood to form urine. The area at the center of the kidney is called the renal pelvis. Urine collects in the renal pelvis and is funneled into the ureter.
Ureters
a pair of tubes on the left and right sides of the body that connect the kidney to the urinary bladder. Gravity and peristalsis move urine through the ureters.
Urethra
a tube through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra is also an organ of the male reproductive system, carrying sperm out of the body.
Nephrolithiasis
a condition of kidney stones and is also called calculi. Kidney stones result from the growth of crystals into stones. Crystals form in urine that are supersaturated with particular minerals and salts, such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid.
Chronic Kidney Disease/kidney failure
a condition in which the kidneys lose their ability to remove waste products and excess fluid from the bloodstream. The most common causes of CKD are diabetes and high blood pressure. The main goal of treatment is to prevent the progression of CKD to complete kidney failure. The best way to do this is to control the underlying cause.
Nephropathy
Any disease of the kidney
Renal Failure
The inability of one or both kidneys to perform their functions
Hydronephrosis
Swelling of one or both kidneys, which may be caused by urine backup due to a blockage
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney
Polycystic kidney disease
Genetic disorder characterized by the growth of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
Cystocele
Hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall
Interstitial cystitis
Chronic inflammation in the walls of the bladder
Neurogenic bladder
A urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs with age
Cystoscopy
a procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions that affect the urethra and urinary bladder. Cystoscopy is done with a cystoscope, an optical instrument with an additional port for the insertion of instruments. Water or saline is infused through the cystoscope into the bladder. The bladder wall is stretched as the fluid fills the bladder so the urologist can see clearly. The cystoscope can be used for biopsies, and the removal of stones, polyps, and some tumors.
Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)
an x-ray image using intravenous contrast medium to better visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. An IVP is used to diagnose lithographs, infections, enlarged prostate, tumors, and internal injuries after an abdominal trauma.
KUB (Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder)
an x-ray image without the use of contrast medium, used to detect bowel obstructions and nephroliths.
Diuretics
Medications that increase urine secretion
Antibiotics
Used to treat urinary tract infections
Antispasmodics
Antispasmodics
Lithotomy
Surgical incision to remove a nephrolith from the bladder
Hemodialysis
your blood passes through a filter called a dialyzer and is forced into very thin, hollow fibers. As your blood passes through the hollow fibers, dialysis fluid passes in the opposite direction on the outside of the fibers. Waste products from the blood move into the dialysis fluid that contains water and chemicals that safely remove wastes, extra salt, and fluid from your blood. Filtered blood remains in the hollow fibers and returns to the body.
Peritoneal Dialysis
dialysis fluid (called dialysate) is infused into the abdominal cavity through a catheter. The fluid is held within the abdomen for a prescribed period; this is called a dwell.
