Lesson 8 Flashcards

Question

ALS

Answer 1

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 2

Central nervous system

Answer 3

Cerebral palsy

Answer 4

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 5

Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Answer 6

Electroencephalography

Answer 7

Electromyography

Answer 8

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 9

Loss of consciousness

Answer 10

Lumbar puncture

Answer 11

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 12

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 13

Parkinson's disease

Answer 14

Restless legs syndrome

Answer 15

Traumatic brain injury

Answer 16

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Answer 17

Transient ischemic attack

Answer 18

manner of walking

Answer 19

a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language

Answer 20

a memory disturbance characterized by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences

Answer 21

a degenerative disease of the motor nerve cells of the brain and the spinal cord in which patients become progressively weaker until they are completely paralyzed

Answer 22

an ultrasound study of the carotid artery to detect plaque buildup in the artery to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke

Answer 23

also known as stroke, is damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted by a blockage of the blood supply

Answer 24

nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region

Answer 25

an acute and potentially reversible condition that comes on suddenly and is often associated with high fever, intoxication, or shock

Answer 26

the process of recording the brain's electrical activity through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp

Answer 27

a condition in which an individual acts as if they have a physical or mental illness when they are not really sick

Answer 28

also known as a bleed, is damage that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures

Answer 29

occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked. This type of stroke can be caused by narrowing of the carotid artery or by a cerebral thrombosis

Answer 30

an inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 31

the congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

Answer 32

a burning or prickling sensation with no apparent physical cause that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet but can also occur in other parts of the body

Answer 33

a painful condition of the nerves of the hands and feet that's caused by damage to the peripheral nerves

Answer 34

is inflammation of the sciatic nerve caused by pressure on the nerve roots that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the affected nerve through the thigh, the leg, and sometimes into the foot

Answer 35

the brief loss of consciousness caused by a decreased flow of blood to the brain

Answer 36

gather information from both inside the body and the outside environment. The neurons then carry the information to the central nervous system.

Answer 37

relay the information from the central nervous system to the body's muscles and glands where the action occurs.

Answer 38

The cranial nerves are 12 pairs of nerves that relay sensory (sensations) and motor (movement) signals between the brain and areas in the body. Each nerve of a pair serves half of the body.

Answer 39

The 31 pairs of spinal nerves send sensory, motor, and autonomic signals between the CNS and the body.

Answer 40

the other type of cells found in nervous tissue. They do not actually conduct electrical impulses. They are supporting cells, maintaining the environment around the neurons, and helping neurons complete their function of communication

Answer 41

sleeves of a fatty substance that wrap around and insulate nerve fibers (axons) in the brain and spinal cord, much like the insulation around electrical wires - serve to increase the speed of electrical communication between neurons

Answer 42

an autoimmune disease. The antibodies produced by lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) mark myelin as something that should not be in the body. This causes inflammation and the destruction of the myelin in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. As the disease destroys the insulation around the axons, scarring becomes obvious. This is where the name of the disease comes from; sclerosis means hardening of tissue, which is what a scar is.

Answer 43

a progressive disease caused by a degeneration of brain cells due to dopamine deficiency in the brain.

Answer 44

These result when blood flow to the brain is stopped by a blockage in the carotid artery. This can result from the buildup of plaque inside the artery, a blood clot that forms in the artery and blocks it, or a blood clot that has traveled from another part of the body and lodges in the artery.

Answer 45

Less common than ischemic strokes, these result from bleeding in the brain either from a ruptured brain aneurysm or when a weakened blood vessel leaks. Blood around the brain creates swelling and pressure, damaging tissue in the brain.

Answer 46

This test detects plaque buildup in an artery to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke.

Answer 47

This test of brain activity produces an electroencephalogram, which may also be displayed on a monitor as brain waves.

Answer 48

a fluoroscopic and CT study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture.

Answer 49

A lumbar puncture inserts a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region to withdraw a sample of cerebrospinal fluid. Changes in the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid can indicate injury, infection, or disease.

Answer 50

A surgical incision into the thalamus Used to treat the tremors of Parkinson's disease.

Answer 51

Uses brief, powerful electromagnetic pulses to alter electrical pathways in the brain. Used to treat severe depression.