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Medical Terminology Class > Lesson 8 > Flashcards

Lesson 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Cephal/o

A

Head

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2
Q

Cerebell/o

A

Cerebellum

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3
Q

Cerebr/o

A

Cerebrum

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4
Q

Concuss/o

A

Shaken together, violently agitated

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5
Q

Contus/o

A

Bruise

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6
Q

Crani/o

A

Cranium, skull

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7
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

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8
Q

Gli/o

A

Glial cell

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9
Q

Mening/o, Meningi/o

A

Meninges

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10
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord

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11
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerve

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12
Q

Poli/o

A

Gray matter of brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

Radicul/o

A

Nerve root

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14
Q

-blast

A

Immature

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15
Q

-esthesia

A

Feeling, sensation

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16
Q

-graphy

A

The process of producing a record

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17
Q

-lepsy

A

Seizure

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18
Q

-oma

A

Tumor

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19
Q

-pathy

A

Disease

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20
Q

-phasia

A

Speech

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21
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis

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22
Q

-tropic

A

Having an affinity for

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23
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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24
Q

ADHD

A

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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25
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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26
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system

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27
Q

CP

A

Cerebral palsy

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28
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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29
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

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30
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalography

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31
Q

EMG

A

Electromyography

32
Q

GAD

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

33
Q

LOC

A

Loss of consciousness

34
Q

LP

A

Lumbar puncture

35
Q

MS

A

Multiple sclerosis

36
Q

OCD

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

37
Q

PD

A

Parkinson’s disease

38
Q

RLS

A

Restless legs syndrome

39
Q

Sz

A

Seizure

40
Q

TBI

A

Traumatic brain injury

41
Q

TENS

A

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

42
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemic attack

43
Q

gait

A

manner of walking

44
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language

45
Q

amnesia

A

a memory disturbance characterized by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences

46
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

a degenerative disease of the motor nerve cells of the brain and the spinal cord in which patients become progressively weaker until they are completely paralyzed

47
Q

carotid ultrasonography

A

an ultrasound study of the carotid artery to detect plaque buildup in the artery to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke

48
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

also known as stroke, is damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted by a blockage of the blood supply

49
Q

cervical radiculopathy

A

nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region

50
Q

delirium

A

an acute and potentially reversible condition that comes on suddenly and is often associated with high fever, intoxication, or shock

51
Q

electroencephalography

A

the process of recording the brain’s electrical activity through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp

52
Q

factitious disorder

A

a condition in which an individual acts as if they have a physical or mental illness when they are not really sick

53
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

also known as a bleed, is damage that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures

54
Q

ischemic stroke

A

occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked. This type of stroke can be caused by narrowing of the carotid artery or by a cerebral thrombosis

55
Q

meningitis

A

an inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

56
Q

meningocele

A

the congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

57
Q

paresthesia

A

a burning or prickling sensation with no apparent physical cause that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet but can also occur in other parts of the body

58
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A

a painful condition of the nerves of the hands and feet that’s caused by damage to the peripheral nerves

59
Q

sciatica

A

is inflammation of the sciatic nerve caused by pressure on the nerve roots that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the affected nerve through the thigh, the leg, and sometimes into the foot

60
Q

syncope

A

the brief loss of consciousness caused by a decreased flow of blood to the brain

61
Q

Sensory neurons

A

gather information from both inside the body and the outside environment. The neurons then carry the information to the central nervous system.

62
Q

Motor neurons

A

relay the information from the central nervous system to the body’s muscles and glands where the action occurs.

63
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

The cranial nerves are 12 pairs of nerves that relay sensory (sensations) and motor (movement) signals between the brain and areas in the body. Each nerve of a pair serves half of the body.

64
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

The 31 pairs of spinal nerves send sensory, motor, and autonomic signals between the CNS and the body.

65
Q

Glial cells

A

the other type of cells found in nervous tissue. They do not actually conduct electrical impulses. They are supporting cells, maintaining the environment around the neurons, and helping neurons complete their function of communication

66
Q

Myelin sheaths

A

sleeves of a fatty substance that wrap around and insulate nerve fibers (axons) in the brain and spinal cord, much like the insulation around electrical wires
- serve to increase the speed of electrical communication between neurons

67
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

an autoimmune disease. The antibodies produced by lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) mark myelin as something that should not be in the body. This causes inflammation and the destruction of the myelin in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. As the disease destroys the insulation around the axons, scarring becomes obvious. This is where the name of the disease comes from; sclerosis means hardening of tissue, which is what a scar is.

68
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

a progressive disease caused by a degeneration of brain cells due to dopamine deficiency in the brain.

69
Q

Ischemic strokes

A

These result when blood flow to the brain is stopped by a blockage in the carotid artery. This can result from the buildup of plaque inside the artery, a blood clot that forms in the artery and blocks it, or a blood clot that has traveled from another part of the body and lodges in the artery.

70
Q

Hemorrhagic strokes

A

Less common than ischemic strokes, these result from bleeding in the brain either from a ruptured brain aneurysm or when a weakened blood vessel leaks. Blood around the brain creates swelling and pressure, damaging tissue in the brain.

71
Q

Carotid Ultrasonography

A

This test detects plaque buildup in an artery to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke.

72
Q

Electroencephalography

A

This test of brain activity produces an electroencephalogram, which may also be displayed on a monitor as brain waves.

73
Q

Myelography

A

a fluoroscopic and CT study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture.

74
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

A lumbar puncture inserts a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region to withdraw a sample of cerebrospinal fluid. Changes in the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid can indicate injury, infection, or disease.

75
Q

Thalamotomy

A

A surgical incision into the thalamus

Used to treat the tremors of Parkinson’s disease.

76
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

Uses brief, powerful electromagnetic pulses to alter electrical pathways in the brain.

Used to treat severe depression.

77
Q
A

Medical Terminology Class (10 decks)

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