Lesson 4 Flashcards
Aden/o
gland
Axill/o
armpit
Cyt/o
cell
Lymphaden/o
Lymph node (gland)
Lymphangi/o
Lymph vessel
Lymph/o
Lymph, lymphatic tissue
Mamm/o & Mast/o
Breast
Myc/o
Fungus
Onc/o
Tumor
Phag/o
Eat or swallow
Phot/o
Light
Thym/o
Thymus gland
Tox/o
Poison
neo-
new
Ca
Cancer
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
MMR
Measles, mumps, rubella (vaccination)
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
NHL
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
VZV
Varicella zoster virus
antigen-antibody reaction
involves the binding of antigens to antibodies, also known as the immune reaction
bacilli
rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria that cause diseases such as tuberculosis and tetanus
candidiasis
known as a yeast infection, occurs on warm and moist skin or mucous membranes and is caused by the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans
carcinoma
a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
herpes zoster
also known as shingles, is an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve
immunoglobulins
proteins that bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response
lymphadenopathy
any disease process affecting one or more lymph nodes
lymphangioma
a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system
lymphedema
swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues
lymphocytes
leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells
lymphoscintigraphy
a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage to or malformations of the lymphatic vessels
rickettsia
a type of small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites and can be transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick
sarcoma
a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue
spirochetes
spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and can move
staphylococci
bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters
streptococci
bacteria that form a chain
varicella
a highly contagious disease also known as chickenpox that is caused by a herpes virus
Lymph
Lymph is a clear, watery fluid that originates in the tissue space around cells. Lymph contains white blood cells (lymphocytes), which help the body fight disease.
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymph enters capillaries within the tissues and then flows into progressively larger vessels as it travels by the action of body muscles to a large vein in the neck, where it enters the bloodstream.
Lymphatic Ducts
Larger lymphatic vessels eventually join together to form two ducts. The right lymphatic duct empties into the right subclavian vein. The thoracic duct (the largest lymphatic vessel) empties into the left subclavian vein.
Macrophages and Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are white blood cells made in bone marrow that defend the body against foreign substances. Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills unwanted microscopic particles, such as bacteria and dead cells.
Lymph nodes
are small structures that work as filters. They contain specialized white blood cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that destroy harmful substances in the lymph before they return to the bloodstream. There are hundreds of lymph nodes throughout the body. Lymph nodes are clustered in areas where the lymphatic vessels branch off: the groin (inguinal nodes), the armpits (axillary nodes), and the neck (cervical nodes).
Tonsils
are clusters of lymphatic tissue just under the mucous membranes that line the nose, mouth, and throat. Lymphocytes and macrophages in the tonsils protect against harmful substances that may enter the body through the nose or mouth.
The spleen
is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. The spleen filters foreign substances from the blood in much the same way as lymph nodes filter lymph.
The primary function of the thymus gland
is the development of T-lymphocytes or T cells, an extremely important type of white blood cell. After the T cells have matured, they enter the bloodstream and go to other lymphatic organs, where they defend the body from potentially deadly pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Lymphadenopathy
a disease process affecting one or more lymph nodes, often causing swelling.
Lymphedema
an accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues that causes abnormal swelling. It occurs when damage to the lymphatic system prevents lymph from draining properly.
Lymphoscintigraphy
a diagnostic test used to detect damage or malformation of the lymphatic vessels. It is a safe and non-invasive procedure where a small amount of a radioactive substance is injected into lymph ducts. As the radioactive tracer moves through the lymphatic vessels, a scanner follows the substance’s movement on a computer screen.
Lymphoma
cancer that originates in lymphoid tissue. The disease results from the uncontrolled production of lymphocytes.
Synthetic immunoglobulins
a type of antibody therapy used as a post-exposure preventative measure
Synthetic interferon
used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, and some types of cancer
Monoclonal antibodies
used to enhance the patient’s immune response to some types of cancer
corticosteroid drug
a synthetic medication that closely resembles cortisol
cytotoxic drug
a medication that kills or damages cells
