lesson 6 Flashcards
what are the sizes of a wooden vessel?
barrique. tonneau, barrel/foundre/botte grande
ceramic vessels (amphoras)
allow micro-oxygenation but nothing in terms of flavor
increasing popularity`
when is blending usually carried out?
during maturation process
what is geographical indication meant to do?
protect and promote the identity and variety of Italy’s terroirs
acidity in wine ______
causes mouth to water
inert vessels
made of stainless steel (for temperature control; most common) or concrete (lined with epoxy resin
primary aromas
those that come from the grape and those created during fermentation process
barrique
225/8 L
landscape
hotter = more alcoholic, fuller bodies with riper/jammier flavors
more south
old italian wine denominations (before 2009)
least expensive: IGT –> DOC –> DOCG: Most expensive
blending
wines can be made monovarietal/single variety wines (using only one grape variety) or by blending wines from different grape varieties
secondary aromas
generated in winemaking that takes place after the end of fermentation
what can lees do?
white wine may be kept in contact for extra flavors (yeasty/bready) and richer texture
if going to keep white wine in contact it should be done during maturation
lees
dead yeast cell sediment form this at the end of fermentation
what are the factors of a wooden vessel?
species/origin of oak, size, toasting of the barrel, and age
diurnal range definition
difference between daytime and night-time temperatures
how many grape varieties does italy have?
more than 350 officially recognized ones
what makes wine different from one other?
grape variety, geographical and metrological features and production method
the large ceramic containers/jugs used in Ancient greece sealed with wax and resin?
pithoi
tonneau
500 - 700 L
what is the key to italian wine
variety
DOC
100% produced, processed and prepared in stated geographical area and must follow specific rules for whole productions process (controlled designation of origin)
blending can be with different varieties or…?
with same grapes but different techniques/maturation process; different vinegard locations (traditionally typical for Barolo DOCG); vintages
regarding “punchdown”
a technique to keep juice in contact with skins
what do inert vessels do for wine?
wine can be kept after being made BECAUSE it doesn’t directly affect maturation but it does help retain primary fruit aromas
continentality
temperature difference between summer and winter
this determines the length of growing season
tertiary
aromas from ageing - can be oxidative (long period in wooden barrels) or not (in inert bottles)
aspect
steeper slope = more intense effect
slopes of south facing hills in Northern Hemisphere get more heat and light
what are aspects of geography that impact wine production?
landscape, altitude, diurnal range, continentality, aspect and soil composition
what makes the diurnal range less severe?
proximity of bodies of water, darker soils, and lower altitudes
soil composition
quality/quantity of grapes are impacted by the quality/quantity of the nutrients, water retention and proportion of stones, sand and clay
geographical indication
identify vineyard areas, grape varieties and production methods that can be used to label a wine with a certain name
DOCG
reserved for wine of great reputation and tradition (been in DOC for at least 7 years); stricter production regulations (controlled designation of origin guaranteed)
barrel/foundre/botte grande
100 hL +
wooden (oak) vessels
contributes to maturation via allowing a small level of oxidation and lets wine extract tannins and flavors from the oak itself
which are more common? old denominations or new?
old
what does allowing a small level of oxidation do?
softens tannins, adds complexity to flavors
vitivinicultural ‘terroir’
refers to an area where there is knowledge of the interactions between physical and biological environment and applied practice develop - gives products from the area distinct characteristics
New italian wine denominations (after 2009)
IGP = IGT, DOP = DOC + DOCG
what does age mean in regards to a wooden vessel
how many times has it already been used
altitude
cooler = paler, more acidic wine with ‘greener’ notes (alter altitude)
cooler summer nights …
help slow ripening process –> more complex aromas and preservation of acidity
IGT
at least 85% of grapes that are used to make these wine must come from this geographical area (typical geographic indiciation)
italian wine denominations
indicates name of region/specific place recognized to product wine which possesses a specific quality or reputation
what does the ‘terroir’ include?
specific soil, topography, climate, landscape, and biodiversity
