lesson 17

Question 1

what happens to the color of wine as they age?

Answer 1

red wines tend to become paler and white’s darker

Question 2

to which italian region does the demonination “Barolo DOCG” belong?

Answer 2

Piedmonte

Question 3

what did the 19th century bring

Answer 3

great increase in production and distinction between high quality and mass product

Question 4

what happened in 1855

Answer 4

first systematic classification of Bordeaux wines

Question 5

Louis Pasteur

Answer 5

investigated role of yeast and bacteria in wine production

Question 6

Jules Guyot

Answer 6

defined training system that takes his name
technique most used today

Question 7

what is Guyot’s training system in spring

Answer 7

each spring, one branch (1 year old - new( is bent so it lays horizontally on a support

Question 8

what is Guyot’s training system in fall

Answer 8

during fall certain number of branches will come out of each and will have bunches of grapes

Question 9

what is Guyot’s training system at the end of harvest

Answer 9

all branches will be cut except for one new one adn process starts over

Question 10

what are the three advantages to Guyot’s training system

Answer 10

1. way of standardizing production and process (always the same)
2. grapes are more exposed to sun/air so they don’t rot
3. easier to identify and have less but quality is much better

Question 11

what is another advantage of Guyot’s method of having the grapes more exposed to sun/air so they don’t rot

Answer 11

used as a way to control infections because each grape is more exposed

Question 12

The “Risorgiment’

Answer 12

the political, social and military process that led to the creation of the unified Italian nation state between 1840s - 1871

Question 13

camillo benso count of cavour

Answer 13

first prime minister of italy; served public functions as such playing role in transforming the history of Piedmont and rural economy

Question 14

what did camillo benso do to modernizing vineyears and wine cellars and advance wine techniques

Answer 14

opened region to global markets, persuading kings and powerful people to invest in their estates

Question 15

what did opening up the region to global markets and persuading Kings/powerful people to invest in their estates do to wine and who did that

Answer 15

camillo benso count of cavour

Question 16

how did camillo benso count of cavour improve viticulture and winemaking practices in the region

Answer 16

sought expertise of French oenologists (including Louis Oudart) who helped improve this

Question 17

what did camillo benso seeking the expertise of French oenologists do

Answer 17

helped improve viticulture and winemaking practices in the region

Question 18

Bettino Ricasoli

Answer 18

second prime minister of italy in 1861 (after Cavour who only held office for 75 days)

Question 19

what did Bettino Ricasoli do for wine

Answer 19

define grape selection for making Chanti

Question 20

what did Chanti used to be

Answer 20

a blend - inspired by Bordeaux blend

Question 21

who was the model for wine back then?

Answer 21

france

Question 22

powdery mildew

Answer 22

oidium; a type of funghi, important from US in 1840s

Question 23

phylloxera

Answer 23

a tiny aphid that attacks the roots of grapevines, began devasting vineyards across southern europe (1870s)

Question 24

how did phylloxera destroy vineyards

Answer 24

spread rapidly, decimating vine stocks and causing widespread destruction

Question 25

how much did phylloxera destroy before solution was discovered

Answer 25

french wine production decrease 75% BUT damage left a lasting impact on european viticulture

Question 26

what was the solution to phylloxera

Answer 26

gradting european grapes on american rootstock

Question 27

giuseppe verdi

Answer 27

most damous composer of his time; lived halfway between Bologna and Milan so passing mailmen gave him books

known for taste in food/wine

Question 28

what was giuseppe verdi a symbol of

Answer 28

italian unity and nationalism

Question 29

what piece of his in specific was a symbol of the longing for freedom

Answer 29

Va’pensiero, an aria from his opera Nabucco

Question 30

what was Va’pensiero, an aria from his opera Nabucco widely interpreted as

Answer 30

reflecting longing for freedom

Question 31

libiamo nei Lieti Calici

Answer 31

duet from La Traviata

Question 32

plot of libiamo nei Lieti Calici

Answer 32

famous courtesan has rich lover and alfredo (poet) confesses love

Violetta gives in 3 months later and they move to countryside

Alfredo’s father convinces Violetta to leave because its damaging families reputation

she does and leaves note and goes to paris

Alfredo finds out and goes to Paris - humiliates and devastates her

father tells son what he did, son goes to her to apologize but her illness is much worse and has lost all her friends

she forgives him, tells him shes feeling better then dies of tuberculous

Question 33

libiamo nei Lieti Calici when meeting

Answer 33

toast to pleasure, love and happy times but it will not last; love over pleasure

alfredo truing to convince her of love and her saying it won’t last and she lives for please as “everyone does”

Question 34

libiamo nei Lieti Calici theme

Answer 34

of carpe dieme but exclaimed by a woman instead