lesson 15 Flashcards
what happened in the 18th century with distillation
tech improvements in distillation process enabled the production of spirits and fortified wines
what funny thing did Thomas Jefferson try to do
open commercial winery in Monticello, Virginia with Italian “physician, winemaker and arms dealer” Filippo Mazzei
what happened with Gustav II of Sweden’s experiment
one of the twin’s death is somewhat attributed to coffee consumption (over 40 cups daily)
technology innovations of the enlightenment of wine
use of glass, and distillation and fortified wines
Il Caffe’
magazine published by the Verri Brothers in Milano; became leading voice for Enlightenment ideals in Italia, with contributors like Cesare Beccaria
what happened in the 18th century with fortificiation
with the improvements that led to spirits fortified wines were stabilized through the addition of distilled spirits
what did savory and sweet become
separated/incompatible
what makes a still wine sweet
sugar present in the must that has not been transformed into alcohol
introduction of glass bottle for…
wine storage and commerce (rather than just serving)
what aromas typically characterize fortified wine
nutty aromas
was distillation and fortification in use before the 18th century?
they were in use BUT so expensive so wasn’t really used to drink but pharmalogical uses
who preferred coffee in 18th century
preferred drink of intellectuals
what was il Caffe’ inspired by
Additions and Steele’s the Spectator
who ‘invented’ Marsala
John Woodhouse
what did allowing bottles to be stored on their side lead to
realization that a wet, fully inserted cork was more effective than a dry, partially inserted one
what did the change to cylindrical bottles allow for
bottles to be stored on their sides
when was vermouth invented and who did so
1786 in Turin; Antonio Benedetto Carpano
what did the change in cuisine lead to
a greater appreciation of dry wines, especially in France
what kind of lifestyles and worldviews did coffee represent
urban, modern, progressive
marsala in italy
named after Sicilian City, most significant fortified wine
how did they come up with/invent the corkscrew
laying bottles on their side lead to the realization that a wet, fully inserted cork was more effective than a dry, partially inserted one
what kind of wines did thomas jefferson have in his cellar as Pres of the US
expensive wine from Tuscany and Piedmont
how did the cuisine change during the 18th century?
combined and transformed flavors
what is vermouth
bitter liquor made by macerating herbs (including wormwood) and spices in wine and distilled spirits
what did Gustav II of Sweden do to test the affects of coffee
tested the health effects on twin prisoners
what’s another benefit of glass bottles
capable of withstanding higher pressure
how was coffee viewed
still with suspicion
what did the benefit of glass bottles being able to withstand higher pressure do
made production of sparkling wine possible
thomas jefferson
passion for wine, especially after time in Europe
what was cuisine before 18th century
“synthetic” Medieval and Renaissance style
what was cuisine after the change in the 18th century
“analytic” approach valuing distinct tastes of individual ingredients
what kind of lifestyles and worldviews did wine represent
rural, traditional, conservative
what did the shape of bottles change from and to and when did this happen
mid 18th century; bottles changd from globular to cylindrical
what else was introduced along with the glass bottle?
cork stopper
what did the glass bottle and cork stopper allow for
a significant increase in ageing potential of wine
