lesson 15

Question 1

what makes a still wine sweet

Answer 1

sugar present in the must that has not been transformed into alcohol

Question 2

what aromas typically characterize fortified wine

Answer 2

nutty aromas

Question 3

technology innovations of the enlightenment of wine

Answer 3

use of glass, and distillation and fortified wines

Question 4

introduction of glass bottle for…

Answer 4

wine storage and commerce (rather than just serving)

Question 5

what else was introduced along with the glass bottle?

Answer 5

cork stopper

Question 6

what did the glass bottle and cork stopper allow for

Answer 6

a significant increase in ageing potential of wine

Question 7

what did the shape of bottles change from and to and when did this happen

Answer 7

mid 18th century; bottles changd from globular to cylindrical

Question 8

what did the change to cylindrical bottles allow for

Answer 8

bottles to be stored on their sides

Question 9

what did allowing bottles to be stored on their side lead to

Answer 9

realization that a wet, fully inserted cork was more effective than a dry, partially inserted one

Question 10

how did they come up with/invent the corkscrew

Answer 10

laying bottles on their side lead to the realization that a wet, fully inserted cork was more effective than a dry, partially inserted one

Question 11

what’s another benefit of glass bottles

Answer 11

capable of withstanding higher pressure

Question 12

what did the benefit of glass bottles being able to withstand higher pressure do

Answer 12

made production of sparkling wine possible

Question 13

was distillation and fortification in use before the 18th century?

Answer 13

they were in use BUT so expensive so wasn’t really used to drink but pharmalogical uses

Question 14

what happened in the 18th century with distillation

Answer 14

tech improvements in distillation process enabled the production of spirits and fortified wines

Question 15

what happened in the 18th century with fortificiation

Answer 15

with the improvements that led to spirits fortified wines were stabilized through the addition of distilled spirits

Question 16

marsala in italy

Answer 16

named after Sicilian City, most significant fortified wine

Question 17

who ‘invented’ Marsala

Answer 17

John Woodhouse

Question 18

what is vermouth

Answer 18

bitter liquor made by macerating herbs (including wormwood) and spices in wine and distilled spirits

Question 19

when was vermouth invented and who did so

Answer 19

1786 in Turin; Antonio Benedetto Carpano

Question 20

thomas jefferson

Answer 20

passion for wine, especially after time in Europe

Question 21

what kind of wines did thomas jefferson have in his cellar as Pres of the US

Answer 21

expensive wine from Tuscany and Piedmont

Question 22

what funny thing did Thomas Jefferson try to do

Answer 22

open commercial winery in Monticello, Virginia with Italian “physician, winemaker and arms dealer” Filippo Mazzei

Question 23

who preferred coffee in 18th century

Answer 23

preferred drink of intellectuals

Question 24

how was coffee viewed

Answer 24

still with suspicion

Question 25

what did Gustav II of Sweden do to test the affects of coffee

Answer 25

tested the health effects on twin prisoners

Question 26

what happened with Gustav II of Sweden’s experiment

Answer 26

one of the twin’s death is somewhat attributed to coffee consumption (over 40 cups daily)

Question 27

Il Caffe’

Answer 27

magazine published by the Verri Brothers in Milano; became leading voice for Enlightenment ideals in Italia, with contributors like Cesare Beccaria

Question 28

what was il Caffe’ inspired by

Answer 28

Additions and Steele’s the Spectator

Question 29

what kind of lifestyles and worldviews did coffee represent

Answer 29

urban, modern, progressive

Question 30

what kind of lifestyles and worldviews did wine represent

Answer 30

rural, traditional, conservative

Question 31

what was cuisine before 18th century

Answer 31

“synthetic” Medieval and Renaissance style

Question 32

what was cuisine after the change in the 18th century

Answer 32

“analytic” approach valuing distinct tastes of individual ingredients

Question 33

how did the cuisine change during the 18th century?

Answer 33

combined and transformed flavors

Question 34

what did savory and sweet become

Answer 34

separated/incompatible

Question 35

what did the change in cuisine lead to

Answer 35

a greater appreciation of dry wines, especially in France