Lesson 5- Skin Analysis Flashcards
Describe analysis of the skin and why it is important
- Knowing skin types, condition and factors affecting the skins Health enables you to give an accurate skin analysis
- Most important reason for consultation is to find out about any contraindications
- it also helps you determine why she is having a certain skin problem on her skin and how you can help her treat it with a better result
- better determine which treatments or products you will use and recommend for her
What are the four parts of examination of health diagnosis
- Look
- Listen
- Ask
- Touch
What is the skin analysis procedure? What are you looking for? Why is it important?
- Cleanse the skin (cannot do an analysis with make up on)
- Briefly look at the client skin through magnifying lamp
The magnifying lamp magnifies the face to help the aesthetician treat and analyze the skin. The lamp uses a cool fluorescent lightbulb. Turn on the light and gently swing it directly over the face. If necessary, move it away from the face and loose in the adjustment knob to adjust the lights angle. iPads should always be use to protect the eyes from the bright light.
- Cover the eyes with eye pads
Look, listen and ask questions regarding personal health and lifestyle.
Questions to ask during consultations:
- Do you have any allergies to products?
- What brought you here?
- What are your skins concerns?
- What products do you use in your home care regimen?
- Have you had a facial before?
- Is this the normal state of your skin?
7. How does your skin feel during different times of the day?
There is a difference between client consultation forms and skin analysis forms. Skin analysis forms allow the aesthetician therapist to thoroughly examine their clients skin type and conditions they may be experiencing due to internal or external agents in order to recommend the appropriate products and treatments. The success of the treatment depends largely on the therapist ability to recognize the facial condition and skin type.
Describe skin types
People are born with their skin types which are determined by their genetics and ethnicity. Like everything else, skin can change over time. An individual skin type is based on how much oil is produced in the follicles from the sebaceous glands and on the amount of lipids found in between the cells. How large the pores are in the T-Zones and throughout the face can help determine the skin type. Generally an individuals skin becomes drier overtime.
What are the six main skin types to be aware of?
- Normal skin (perfect mix or oil and water)
- Oily skin
- Dry skin
- Sensitive [this could be both a condition and or a skin type]
- Combination skin
- Acne 
Describe normal skin type
- Normal skin looks clear and is even in color.
- It is soft and supple to the touch.
- It is neither lacking nor overproducing oil and therefore does not feel greasy or tight. -It can fluctuate and sometimes be a little dryer or a little oilier. 
- follicles are not usually visible towards the cheeks or the outside of the face. The skin type has a normal follicle size ranging from small to medium
- our goal as aestheticians is to get our clients skin as close as possible to a normal skin type if it isn’t already with maintenance and preventative care are the goals for this type.
What are internal symptoms of a normal skin type
-The skin is functioning well
- There is a perfect balance of the sebaceous and sweat glands
- The secretion is sufficient to protect and lubricate the skin but not over bearing.
- internal blood circulation is good so the skin gets enough oxygen and nutrients
What are the external symptoms of a normal skin type?
- Pores are medium size and visible
- Skin is medium thickness
- The colour of the skin is healthy and not pale
- There are a few blackheads if any at all
- Elasticity is good
- The skin can become a bit shiny if not cleaned often enough
Describe the treatment plan a normal skin type should take
A facial once a month to maintain the skin and observe it for changes is recommended. All different types of products can be recommended for normal skin including cleansing milk, toner, moisturizing cream, eye cream, mask twice a week.
Describe the oily skin type [lipidic skin]
- Oily skin gives a shiny complexion.
- It has a thick epidermis and open pores
- It has a tendency to develop whiteheads and blackheads
- It has an abundance of oil secretions
- Commonly affects young teens due to the change in hormone levels, diet and stress.
- Adults can have oily skin which is hereditary.
- Oily skin requires more cleansing and exfoliating than other skin types do
- it is prone to blemishes, the excess oil and buildup on the surface can make the skin appear thicker and sallow
- blemishes and comedones are common
What are the internal symptoms of the oily skin type
Oily skin has overactive sebaceous glands
What are external symptoms of the oily skin type
- Enlarged pores
- Thick texture
- Large amount of blackheads and comedones
- Sometimes and often pimples
- Good elasticity
- Oily film [unless skin is very congested] – skin looks shiny and could be sticky
- Colour of make up changes
- Sometimes and often whiteheads occur
- Sometimes superfluous hair
Describe a recommended treatment plan for the oily skin type
- balancing the skins oil production through treatments and products is important but over cleansing can make matters worse by stripping the skins acid mantle and irritating it
- if the skin is stripped of oil, it becomes unbalanced. This causes the bodies protection mechanism to compensate for the dryness on the surface.
- remember no matter what the skin type, the goal is to balance the skin barrier function
- Basic facial to begin and more specific treatments to follow. People with this type of skin need professional treatments more often than those with normal skin
- recommended products used should be marked for oily skin
Describe the dry skin type [alipidic]
-dry skin is lacking oil
- It can appear and all ages, usually in a more mature person
- Dry skin may appear as if it is prematurely aged
- It feels tight after washing
- It is easily irritated and may even feel itchy
- There is a tendency to develop fine dry lines, especially around the eyes
- Dry skin rarely suffers acne breakouts
- Watch out for sensitivity such as couperose, blotchiness, and sensitivities to products
- Dryness of the skin can also be caused by over exposure to the sun, illness, smoking, medication’s and hormone changes
- dry skin is more sensitive because the acid mantle and barrier function are not as healthy due to the lack of lipids
What are internal symptoms of the dry skin type
- Dry skin has few or under active sebaceous and sweat glands
- not enough secretions to protect and lubricate the skin therefore exposing it to dehydration and sensitivities
What are the external symptoms of the dry skin type
- Pores are small and hardly visible
- Skin texture is thin [in very aged people become thicker]
- There are no blackheads
- Some premature lines may appear
- Elasticity is weakening
- Tight feeling
- Sometimes flaky
Describe the treatment plan and recommended products for dry skin type
For treatment a basic facial to start and more advanced treatments to follow. All products should be for normal to dry skin as indicated on the bottle. Occlusive products are thick and lay on top of the skin to reduce trans epidermal water loss. These products help to hold the moisture and protect the skin top barrier layer which combats dryness.
Describe the sensitive skin type
- Sensitive skin is increasingly common
- We are constantly bombarded by environmental stimuli, Stress, sun exposure and other unhealthy elements
- Sensitive skin is a condition but it is also genetically predisposed
- Is easily irritated by products and by exposure to heat or sun
- telangiectasia or couprose skin conditions, which appear as red, distended capillaries, is noticeable on sensitive skin
- Rosacea and vascular conditions are more common with this type of skin
- Sometimes these conditions may be a protective visible reaction to let us know something is irritating your skin
- Fragile or thin skin can also be a result of age or medication
- Anyone’s skin can become reactive and sensitized from exposure to things such as chemicals, harsh products, heat, or even chapping from cold weather
- sensitive or sensitized skin can be difficult to treat because of its low tolerance to products and stimulation
- Avoid irritating products and procedures
- For example excessive rubbing, heat, exfoliation or extractions can cause damage and increased redness
-  sensitive skin needs to be treated very gently
- Is rosacea is thought to be more prevalent now due to an ageing population as well as the increased use of medication’s, strong exfoliating products, and treatments in today’s society
What are the external symptoms for factors of sensitive skin type [there are no internal symptoms listed in the manual]
- Fragile
- Thin skin
- Flushed easily
- Red…
- Presence of telangiectasia (distended capillaries) or couperose skin conditions….or other conditions causing redness Erythrosis and erythema.
Describe an appropriate treatment plan for sensitive skin
Sensitive skin needs to be treated very gently with non-irritating, calming products. It is important to find out what is causing sensitive conditions by completing a thorough skin analysis. It is a natural part of their skin condition or is it something the client was exposed to. The treatment goal is to soothe calm and protect the skin.
Describe the combination skin type
-Combination skin can be both oily and dry at the same time
-The T-zone through the middle of the face on the forehead, nose and chin is usually oilier.
-The outer layers can be dry and even appear flaky
-Combination skin needs to be balanced and requires more care
-Pay most attention to the areas that have problems
-When cleaning use the cleanser that is appropriate for the most problematic area
-Use different lotions for the different skin types. For example, on an oily T-zone, select a purifying formulation
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What are external symptoms of the combination skin type
- Pores can appear medium sized to large depending on the skin
- The outer areas of the face can be either normal or dry and can even appear flaky from winter dehydration or buildup of dead skin cells
Aside from skin types there are also skin conditions which are more temporary and not hereditary. Briefly discuss skin conditions and why it’s important to know them
- Both external and internal factors can cause different types of skin conditions and are unique to each individual
- Internal causes include our bodies health and how that affects how we feel as well as how our body and skin looks
- Stress, lifestyle and our attitude can contribute to our skins health
- some of the most common skin condition seen by aestheticians today are adult acne, ageing from sun damage and problems from hormonal fluctuations as well as dehydration and rosacea
- Skin conditions are transient compared to skin types. For example one may experience dehydration as a result of a transatlantic flight or upon completion of a course of antibiotics
- This is why skin conditions are considered more responsive to treatments
- We can improve most of these conditions through facials, products, and avoiding the factors that affect these conditions
- Skin types are far more systemic due to the involvement of the Sudoriferous and sebaceous glands
- skin conditions can make skin analysis become very tricky because of their unique causes and unique individual bearing the condition
Describe the acne skin condition
-Acne skin appears commonly on oily skin
-It appears usually in adolescence but can as well appear on adults
-Spa therapists have a great opportunity to help people with acne, but it can be a challenging problem to work with
-in aesthetics we treat only acne vulgaris

What is actinic keratosis
Rough areas of the skin resulting from sun exposure
What are comedones
Open comedones are blackheads and clogged pores caused by a buildup of debris’s, oil and dead skin cells in the follicles. These are known as blackheads. Closed comedones are also known as whiteheads and pustules. Closed or not exposed to air and are covered by a thin layer of skin.
What is hyperkeratinization
It is an excessive buildup of cells, resulting in a rough texture
What is hyper pigmentation
Brown or dark pigmentation, discolouration from melanin production due to sun exposure or other factors causing Melanoenesis. Too much of a pigment in one area
What is hypo pigmentation
White, colourless areas from lack of melanin production. An example of this may be vitiligo. Lack of pigment in one area.
What is milia
They are hardened, pearl like masses of oil and dead skin cells trapped beneath the surface. They are not exposed to oxygen and have to be lanced to open and remove them. Another type of closed comedones
What is seborrhoea
This is a common skin problem. It causes a red, itchy rash and white scales. When it affects the scalp, it is called dandruff. It can be on parts of the face as well including the folds around the nose and behind the ears, the forehead, and the eyebrows and eyelids. Seborrhoea occurs more frequently in persons with oily skin.
What are wrinkles in ageing
Lines and damage from internal or external causes. For example, repetitive movements and or slowed cell turnover can eventually result in a “scar“. This scar is a wrinkle.
