Lesson 5 - Blood Vessels Flashcards
blood flows from the… (7)
heart -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> heart
how thick are capillaries?
one cell thick
capillaries are the site of…(3)
gas, nutrient, and waste exchange with tissues
artery walls are generally……than veins? (2)
thicker and more elastic
veins generally…..than arteries? (2)
have larger lumen than arteries and have valves to prevent backflow
three layers of a blood vessels
- tunica intima
- tunica media
- tunica externa
tunica intima
single thin layer of endothelium (squamous cells) lining the lumen
the _____ _____ is continuous with the heart endocardium
tunica intima
_____ are solely composed of the heart endothelium
capillaries
tunica media
and..?
middle coat of smooth muscle and elastin
tunica media is under control of what portion of the nervous system?
sympathetic control; regulates diameter
tunica externa
outermost layer of areolar or fibrous connective tissue for support and protection
aorta (3)
where is it’s range?
(1) ascending from the left ventricle of the heart, (2) into the aortic arch, and (3) down into the thoracic cavity as the descending aorta
the ascending aorta branches into the… (2)
right and left coronary arteries
what do the R/L coronary arteries supply?
the myocardium
the aortic arch branches into… (3)
from left to right (looking at the front)
- brachiocephalic trunk
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
the R/L common carotid arteries branch into… (2)
- left and right internal carotid arteries
- left and right external carotid arteries
where do the R/L internal carotid artery serve?
brain
where do the R/L internal carotid arteries branch?
into the right and left ophthalmic arteries
where do the ophthalmic arteries serve?
the orbits
where do the R/L external carotid arteries serve?
head and neck
what do the R/L external carotid arteries branch into? (4)
right and left
- superficial temporal
- maxillary
- facial
- occipital
arteries
the R/L subclavian arteries branch into… (3)
v.t.c.
right and left
- vertebral
- thyrocervical trunk
- costocervical trunk
arteries
where do the R/L vertebral arteries serve? (3)
- cerebellum
- brain stem
- posterior cerebral hemispheres
where do the R/L thyrocervical trunk serve? (2)
tg.sm.
- thyroid gland
- scapular muscles
where do the R/L costocervical trunk serve? (2)
- deep neck
- upper intercostal muscles
what do the R/L costocervical trunk branch into?
upi
right and left upper posterior intercostal arteries
the R/L subclavian arteries become what?
the right and left axillary arteries
where do the R/L axillary arteries serve?
the upper limb
what do the R/L axillary arteries branch into? (5)
t.lt.s.ach.pch.
right and left
- thoracoacromial
- lateral thoracic
- subscapular
- anterior circumflex humeral
- posterior circumflex humeral
arteries
where do the R/L thoracoacromial arteries serve? (2)
- shoulder
- pectoral region
where do the R/L lateral thoracic arteries serve?
lateral chest wall
where do the R/L subscapular arteries serve? (2)
- scapula
- dorsal thorax
where do the R/L anterior/posterior circumflex humeral arteries serve? (2)
- shoulder
- deltoid
the axillary artery becomes what?
the brachial artery as it enter the arm
the R/L brachial arteries branch into.. (2)
right and left
- radial
- ulnar
arteries
where do the R/L ulnar/radial arteries serve?
forearm
what precise location does the brachial artery split into the radial and ulnar arteries?
the elbow
the R/L internal thoracic arteries branch into…
the R/L anterior intercostal arteries
where to the R/L anterior intercostal arteries serve? (2)
- mammary glands
- most of the thorax wall
the R/L costocervical trunk branch into…
the first two pairs of posterior intercostal arteries
where do the R/L posterior arteries serve?
intercostal space
between what vertebrae is the thoracic aorta found?
T5-T12
where does the abdominal aorta begin?
T12 or the diaphragm
the abdominal aorta: visceral branches (5)
two categories: ones with R/L (3) and those without (2)
ms.r.g. s/im.c.
R/L
- middle suprarenal
- renal
- gonadal
and the (no R/L)
- superior/inferior mesenterics
- celiac trunk
arteries
the abdominal aorta: parietal branches (3)
ip.l. ms.
R/L (2) no R/L (1)
R/L
- inferior phrenics
- lumbars
and the (no R/L)
- median sacral
arteries
the celiac trunk branches into the…(3)
- left gastric artery
- splenic artery
- common hepatic artery
where does the left gastric artery serve?
the stomach
where does the splenic artery serve?
the spleen
what does the common hepatic artery branch into? (2)
rg.g.
- right gastric artery
- gastroduodenal artery
where does the right gastric artery serve?
the stomach
where does the gastroduodenal artery serve?
the stomach
the common hepatic artery becomes…
the hepatic artery proper
where does the hepatic artery proper serve?
the liver
what specific location does the common hepatic artery become the hepatic artery proper?
the junction of the gastroduodenal artery
where does the superior mesenteric artery serve?
the small intestine
where do the R/L middle suprarenal arteries serve?
adrenal glands on the kidneys
where do the R/L renal arteries serve?
the kidneys
where do the R/L gonadal arteries serve?
the gonads; ovaries or testes
where does the inferior mesenteric artery serve?
lower large intestine
where do the R/L lumbar arteries serve?
lumbar region
what does the abdominal aorta divide into? (2)
R/L common iliac arteries
where to the R/L common iliac arteries serve? (3)
- pelvis
- lower abdominal wall
- lower limbs
the R/L common iliac arteries divide into… (2)
R/L
- internal iliac
- external iliac
arteries
the R/L internal iliac arteries branch into…(3)
s/ig.o.
R/L
- superior gluteal
- inferior gluteal
- and obturator
arteries
where do the R/L superior/inferior gluteal arteries serve?
gluteal muscles
where do the R/L obturator arteries serve? (3)
mt.eg.p.
- medial thigh
- external genitals
- perineum
the R/L external iliac arteries serve?
the anterior abdominal wall
the R/L external iliac becomes what other artery?
the femoral artery
where does the R/L external iliac arteries become the R/L femoral arteries?
the thigh
the R/L femoral arteries become what other artery?
the popliteal artery
what precise location does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?
the knee
what does the R/L popliteal artery branch into? (2)
R/L
- anterior tibial
- posterior tibial
arteries
what do the R/L posterior tibial branch into?
the R/L fibular arteries
veins run _____ to most arteries
parallel
veins converge on the _____ _____
vena cavae
superior vena cava serves…
serves veins from the upper extremities and the head
the superior vena cava branches into (2)
- left brachiocephalic vein
- right brachiocephalic vein
where do the R/L brachiocephalic veins serve?
upper extremities
what do the R/L brachiocephalic veins branch into? (2)
ij.v.
R/L
- internal jugular
- vertebral
veins
the R/L internal jugular veins branch into… (3)
R/L
- superficial temporal
- facial
- subclavian
veins
where does the internal jugular drain from? (2)
ss.d
the superior sagittal and dural sinuses of the brain
where do the R/L vertebral veins serve? (3)
ph.cv.sc
- posterior head
- cervical vertebrae
- spinal cord
the R/L subclavian veins branch into… (3)
R/L
- external jugular
- axillary
- cephalic
veins
where do the R/L external jugular veins serve?
drains superficial tissues of the head and neck
when do the R/L subclavian veins becomes the axillary veins?
as it passes the axilla
the R/L axillary veins branch into… (2)
R/L
- brachial
- basilic
veins
the R/L brachial veins branch into…(2)
R/L
- radial
- ulnar
veins
the R/L basilic veins branches into… (2)
R/L
- median cubital
- median antebrachial
veins
the _____ vein branches off the subclavian vein
cephalic
azygos system
drains from…?
drains the intercostal muscles and abdominal walls
the azygos system consists of… (3)
- azygos vein
- hemiazygos vein
- accessory hemiazygos vein
where does the azygos vein drain from?
the right thorax
where do the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos vein drain?
the left thorax
where does the inferior vena cava serve?
veins from the abdominal region and lower limbs
what does the inferior vena cava branch into? (7)
- lumbar veins
- R/L hepatic veins
- right gonadal veins
- right suprarenal vein
- renal vein
- R/L common iliac veins
the renal vein branches into the… (2)
- left suprarenal
- left gonadal
veins
the R/L common iliac veins branch into the… (2)
R/L
- internal iliac veins
- external iliac veins
where does the internal iliac vein drain from?
the pelvis
where does the external iliac vein drain from?
the legs
the R/L external iliac veins branch into… (2)
R/L
- great saphenous vein
- femoral vein
what is the longest blood vessel in the body?
the great saphenous veins
when does the external iliac vein become the femoral vein?
when it leaves the inguinal region and enters the thigh
when does the femoral vein turn into the popliteal vein?
when it reaches the knee
what do the R/L popliteal vein branch into? (3)
R/L
- anterior tibial
- posterior tibial
- fibular
veins
the lungs are supplied with blood through what?
bronchial arteries
steps of pulmonary circulation (9)
O2 poor blood -> pulmonary trunk -> R/L pulmonary arteries -> lobar arteries -> arterioles -> pulmonary capillaries (gas exchange) -> venules -> veins -> pulmonary veins
hepatic portal vein drains blood from… (4)
- digestive viscera
- spleen
- pancreas
- liver
the hepatic portal vein is comprised of… (2)
- splenic vein
- superior mesenteric vein
the splenic vein branches into the…
inferior mesenteric vein
where does the splenic vein serve? (3)
drains the spleen, pancreas, and stomach
where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?
distal portion of the large intestine
where does the superior mesenteric vein serve? (2)
drains the small intestines and ascending colon
gastric vein drains from…
the stomach into the hepatic portal vein
the hepatic vein drains from…
the liver to the inferior vena cava
hepatic portal circulation consists of… (3)
- hepatic portal vein
- gastric vein
- hepatic vein
three umbilical blood vessels
- two umbilical arteries
- one umbilical vein
the two umbilical arteries carry… (2)
O2 poor blood and waste-laden blood to the placenta
the umbilical vein carries…. (2)
O2 and nutrient rich blood
in fetal circulation, most blood is shunted past the liver to the inferior vena cava by the _____ _____
ductus venosus
what allows blood to shunt from the right to left atrium in a fetus?
the foramen ovale
what is the foramen ovale called once it is closed after birth?
fossa ovalis
what shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in a fetus?
the ductus arteriosus
what does the ductus arteriosus become after is collapses at birth?
the ligamentum arteriosum
the brain is supplied blood by these arteries (2)
internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries (from the aortic arch)
the R/L internal carotid arteries branch within the cranium into… (2)
the R/L
- anterior cerebral
- middle cerebral
arteries
cerebral arterial circle
circle of Willis
- formed from the anterior and posterior communicating arteries of the R/L sides
what arteries supply most of the cerebrum? (2)
already in the cranium, not into the cranium
anterior and middle cerebral arteries
the basilar artery of the brain is formed from what R/L arteries?
the R/L vertebral arteries
what does the basilar artery of the brain supply? (3)
the pons, cerebellum, and inner ear
the basilar artery divides into…
the R/L posterior cerebral arteries
at what location does the basilar artery split into the R/L posterior cerebral arteries?
the base of the cerebrum
what do the R/L posterior cerebral arteries supply? (2)
temporal and occipital lobes
Label this figure.
A: artery
B: vein
Label A-C
A: artery
B: lumen
C: tunica intima
Label D-F
D: endothelium
E: subendothelial layer
F: internal elastic lamina (membrane)
Label G-I
G: tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic fibers)
H: external elastic lamina (membrane)
I: tunica externa (collagen fibers)
Label J, K, and N
L and M are on another card
J: vaso vasorum
K: capillary network
N: vein
Label O and P
O: valve
P: lumen
Label the figure.
A: capillary network
B: basement membrane
C: endothelial cells
Label the figure.
A: right common carotid artery
B: right subclavian artery
C: brachiocephalic trunk
Label the figure.
A: right and left common carotid arteries
B: right subclavian artery
C: left subclavian artery
D: brachiocephalic trunk
Label A-C
A: right vertebral artery
B: right internal carotid artery
C: right external carotid artery
Label D-F
D: right thyrocervical trunk
E: right costocervical trunk
F: right axillary artery
Label G-I
G: right ophthalmic artery
H: branches of the r. external carotid artery
I: right superficial artery
Label J-L
J: right maxillary artery
K: right occipital artery
L: right facial artery
Label the figure
A: right vertebral artery
B: right thyrocervical trunk
C: right costocervical trunk
D: right axillary artery
Label A-C
A: right suprascapular artery
B: right thoracoacromial artery
C: right posterior circumflex humeral artery
Label D-F
D: right anterior circumflex humeral artery
E: right subscapular artery
F: right radial artery
Label G and H
G: right ulnar artery
H: right lateral thoracic artery
Label A-C
A: right costocervical trunk
B: left posterior intercostal arteries
C: right anterior intercostal artery
Label D and E
D: right internal thoracic artery
E: thoracic aorta
Label A-C
A: inferior vena cava
B: celiac trunk
C: common hepatic artery
Label D-F
D: hepatic artery proper
E: gastroduodenal artery
F: right gastric artery
Label G-J
G: abdominal aorta
H: left gastric artery
I: splenic artery
J: superior mesenteric artery
Label A-C
A: abdominal aorta
B: right lumbar arteries
C: left middle suprarenal artery
Label D-F
D: left renal artery
E: superior mesenteric artery
F: left gonadal (testicular/ovarian) artery
Label G and H
G: inferior mesenteric artery
H: left common iliac artery
Label the figure.
A: celiac trunk
B: superior mesenteric artery
C: abdominal aorta
D: inferior mesenteric artery
Label A-C.
A: right common iliac artery
B: right internal iliac artery
C: right superior gluteal artery
Label D-F
D: right external iliac artery
E: right obturator artery
F: right femoral artery
Label G-I
G: right popliteal artery
H: right anterior tibial artery
I: right posterior tibial artery
Label J-L
J: right fibular artery
K: right popliteal artery
L: right anterior artery
Label M and N
M: right fibular artery
N: right posterior tibial artery
Label the figure.
A: superior sagittal sinus
B: right and left transverse sinuses
C: right sigmoid sinus
D: right internal jugular vein
Label A-C
A: right superior temporal vein
B: right facial vein
C: right external jugular vein
Label D-F
D: right vertebral vein
E: right internal jugular vein
F: right brachiocephalic vein
Label G and H.
G: right subclavian vein
H: right superior vena cava
Label A-C
A: right and left brachiocephalic veins
B: right subclavian vein
C: right axillary vein
Label G-I
G: right median cubital vein
H: right medial antebrachial vein
I: right cephalic vein
Label D-F
D: right brachial vein
E: right cephalic vein
F: right basilic vein
Label J-L
J: right radial vein
K: right basilic vein
L: right ulnar vein
Label M-O
M: left jugular vein
N: left external jugular vein
O: left subclavian vein
Label P-R
P: superior vena cava
Q: azygos vein
R: accessory hemiazygos vein
Label S and T
S: hemiazygos vein
T: inferior vena cava
Label A-C
A: right and left hepatic veins
B: inferior vena cava
C: right suprarenal vein
Label D-F
D: right gonadal vein
E: right external iliac vein
F: right and left renal veins
Label G-I
G: left suprarenal vein
H: left lumbar veins
I: left gonadal vein
Label J and K
J: left common iliac vein
K: left internal iliac vein
Label A-C
A: right popliteal vein
B: right fibular vein
C: anterior tibial vein
Label D-F
D: right common iliac vein
E: right internal iliac vein
F: right external iliac vein
Label G-I
G: right femoral vein
H: right great saphenous vein (superficial)
I: right great saphenous vein
Label J-M
J: right popliteal vein
K: right anterior tibial vein
L: right fibular vein
M: right posterior tibial vein
Label A-C
A: left pulmonary artery
B: aortic arch
C: pulmonary trunk
Label D-F
D: right pulmonary artery
E: three lobar arteries of the lung
F: right pulmonary veins
Label G-I
G: right atrium
H: right ventricle
I: left ventricle
Label J-L
J: two left lobar arteries of the left lung
K: left pulmonary veins
L: left atrium
Label A-C
A: right and left hepatic veins
B: liver
C: hepatic portal vein
Label D-F
D: left gastric vein
E: right gastric vein
F: spleen
Label G-I
G: splenic vein
H: inferior mesenteric vein
I: superior mesenteric vein
Label A-C
A: fetus
B: newborn
C: aortic arch
Label D-F
D: superior vena cava
E: ductus arteriosus
F: ligamentum arteriosum
Label G-I
G: pulmonary artery
H: pulmonary veins
I: heart
Label J-L
J: foramen ovale
K: fossa ovalis
L: liver
Label M-O
M: ductus venosus
N: ligamentum venosum
O: hepatic portal vein
Label P-R
P: umbilical vein
Q: ligamentum teres
R: inferior vena cava
Label S-U
S: umbilicus
T: abdominal aorta
U: common iliac artery
Label V-Y
V: umbilical arteries
W: medial umbilical ligaments
X: umbilical cord
Y: placenta
Label A-C
A: optic chiasma
B: right middle cerebral artery
C: right internal carotid artery
Label D-F
D: pituitary gland
E: right vertebral artery
F: cerebral arterial circle or circle of Willis
Label G-I
G: anterior communicating artery
H: left anterior cerebral artery
I: left posterior communicating artery
Label J and K
J: left posterior cerebral artery
K: basilar artery
Label A-C
A: cerebral arterial circle or Circle of Willis
B: anterior communicating artery
C: right anterior cerebral artery
Label D-F
D: right posterior communicating artery
E: right posterior cerebral artery
F: basilar artery
