Lesson 4.1 - Introduction to Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Flashcards
Define Aerobic Cellular Respiration
A process that uses oxygen to harvest energy from organic compounds.
What is a process that uses oxygen to harvest energy from organic compounds known as?
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Define Obligate Aerobe
An organism that cannot live without oxygen.
What is an organism that cannot live without oxygen known as?
Obligate Aerobe
Define Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
The formation of ATP by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.
What is the formation of ATP by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP known as?
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Define Oxidative Phosphorylation
A process that forms ATP using energy transferred indirectly from a series of redox reactions.
What is a process that forms ATP using energy transferred indirectly from a series of redox reactions known as?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Define Glycolysis
A series of reactions in which a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules and energy is released.
What is a series of reactions in which a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules and energy is released known as?
Glycolysis
Define Pyruvate Oxidation
A reaction in which pyruvate is oxidized by NAD+ and CO2 is removed, forming an acetyl group and releasing NADH.
What is a reaction in which pyruvate is oxidized by NAD+ and CO2 is removed, forming an acetyl group and releasing NADH known as?
Pyruvate Oxidation
Define Citric Acid Cycle
A cyclic series of reactions that transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP, NADH, and FADH2 and releases carbon atoms as CO2.
What is a cyclic series of reactions that transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP, NADH, and FADH2 and releases carbon atoms as CO2 known as?
Citric Acid Cycle
Define Anaerobic Respiration
A process that uses a final inorganic oxidizing agent, other than oxygen, to produce energy.
What is a process that uses a final inorganic oxidizing agent, other than oxygen, to produce energy known as?
Anaerobic Respiration
Define Fermentation
A process that uses an organic compound as the final oxidizing agent to produce energy.
What is a process that uses an organic compound as the final oxidizing agent to produce energy known as?
Fermentation
Define Obligate Anaerobe
An organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
What is an organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen known as?
Obligate Anaerobe
Define Facultative Anaerobe
An organism that can live with or without oxygen.
What is an organism that can live with or without oxygen known as?
Facultative Anaerobe
There are three main types of energy pathways: _____ respiration, _____ respiration, and _____. They all produce ATP.
There are three main types of energy pathways: aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation. They all produce ATP.
The four stages of aerobic cellular respiration are _____, _____ oxidation, the _____ acid cycle, and the electron _____ chain.
The four stages of aerobic cellular respiration are glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Mitochondria generate most of the ATP that is used in _____ cells.
Mitochondria generate most of the ATP that is used in eukaryotic cells.
Respiration pathways use _____ transport systems to generate ATP by _____ phosphorylation. Fermentation pathways lack such transport systems.
Respiration pathways use electron transport systems to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Fermentation pathways lack such transport systems.
_____ respiration uses an inorganic substance other than oxygen as the final oxidizing agent. Fermentation relies on an organic compound.
Anaerobic respiration uses an inorganic substance other than oxygen as the final oxidizing agent. Fermentation relies on an organic compound.
