Lesson 3.1 - An Introduction to Metabolism Flashcards
Define Metabolism
The sum of all chemical reaction in a cell or organism.
What is the sum of all chemical reaction in a cell or organism known as?
Metabolism
Define Kinetic Energy
The energy of motion.
What is the energy of motion known as?
Kinetic Energy
Define Potential Energy
The stored energy that an object possesses as a result of its position relative to other objects or to its internal structure.
What is the stored energy that an object possesses as a result of its position relative to other objects or to its internal structure known as?
Potential Energy
Define First Law Of Thermodynamics
Principle that states that energy can be transferred or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
What is the principle that states that energy can be transferred or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed known as?
First Law Of Thermodynamics
Define Bond Energy
The minimum amount of energy that is required to break a particular type of bond; measured in kJ/mol of bonds.
What is the minimum amount of energy that is required to break a particular type of bond known as?
Bond Energy
Define Mole
The number (approximately 6.022 x 1023) of atoms or molecules whose mass in grams is equal to the atomic mass of one such particle in atomic mass units. (One carbon atom has a mass of 12 AU, and therefore, one mole of carbon atoms has a mass of 12g.)
What is the number (approximately 6.022 x 1023) of atoms or molecules whose mass in grams is equal to the atomic mass of one such particle in atomic mass units known as?
Mole
Define Activation Energy (Ea)
The minimum amount of energy that chemical reactants must absorb to start a reaction.
What is the minimum amount of energy that chemical reactants must absorb to start a reaction known as?
Activation Energy (Ea)
Define Transition State
A temporary condition during a chemical reaction in which the bonds in the reactants are breaking and the bonds in the products are forming.
What is a temporary condition during a chemical reaction in which the bonds in the reactants are breaking and the bonds in the products are forming known as?
Transition State
Define Exothermic Reaction
A chemical reaction in which energy is released, leaving the products with less chemical potential energy than the reactants.
What is a chemical reaction in which energy is released, leaving the products with less chemical potential energy than the reactants known as?
Exothermic Reaction
Define Endothermic Reaction
A chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed, giving the products more chemical potential energy than the reactants.
What is a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed, giving the products more chemical potential energy than the reactants known as?
Endothermic Reaction
Define Second Law Of Thermodynamics
Principle that states that every time energy is converted to another form, some of the energy becomes unusable.
What is the principle that states that every time energy is converted to another form, some of the energy becomes unusable known as?
Second Law Of Thermodynamics
Define Entropy
A measurement of disorder in a system.
What is a measurement of disorder in a system known as?
Entropy
Define Spontaneous Change
A change that will, once begun, continue on its own under a given set of conditions; does not require a continuous supply of energy.
What is a change that will, once begun, continue on its own under a given set of conditions and does not require a continuous supply of energy known as?
Spontaneous Change
Define Free Energy
Energy that can do useful work; also called Gibbs free energy.
What is energy that can do useful work known as?
Free Energy
Define Exergonic Reaction
A chemical reaction that releases free energy; the products have less free energy than the reactants.
What is a chemical reaction that releases free energy in which the products have less free energy than the reactants known as?
Exergonic Reaction
Define Endergonic Reaction
A chemical reaction that absorbs free energy; the products have more free energy than the reactants.
What is a chemical reaction that absorbs free energy in which the products have more free energy than the reactants known as?
Endergonic Reaction
Define Energy Coupling
The transfer of energy from one reaction to another in order to drive the second reaction.
What is the transfer of energy from one reaction to another in order to drive the second reaction known as?
Energy Coupling
Define Catabolic Pathway
A pathway in which energy is released and complex molecules are broken down into simple molecules.
What is a pathway in which energy is released and complex molecules are broken down into simple molecules known as?
Catabolic Pathway
Define Anabolic Pathway
A pathway in which energy is supplied to build complex molecules from simple molecules.
What is a pathway in which energy is supplied to build complex molecules from simple molecules known as?
Anabolic Pathway
_____ is the ability to do work. All living things require a constant supply of _____.
Energy is the ability to do work. All living things require a constant supply of energy.
The _____ law of _____ states that energy transforms from one form to another or transfers from one object to another, but it is neither created nor destroyed.
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy transforms from one form to another or transfers from one object to another, but it is neither created nor destroyed.
During a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactants break and bonds in the products form. For the bonds in the reactants to break, energy must be _____. As bonds form, energy is _____.
During a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactants break and bonds in the products form. For the bonds in the reactants to break, energy must be absorbed. As bonds form, energy is released.
The second law of _____ states that in every transfer and conversion of energy, there is less energy available to do work. The total entropy of a system and its surroundings always _____.
The second law of thermodynamics states that in every transfer and conversion of energy, there is less energy available to do work. The total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases.
Gibbs free energy (G) is the energy in a system that is still available to do _____ after a reaction occurs.
Gibbs free energy (G) is the energy in a system that is still available to do work after a reaction occurs.
_____ reactions have a negative G value, are spontaneous, and release free energy.
Exergonic reactions have a negative G value, are spontaneous, and release free energy.
_____ reactions have a positive G value, are not spontaneous, and absorb free energy. They must be coupled with an _____ reaction to proceed.
Endergonic reactions have a positive G value, are not spontaneous, and absorb free energy. They must be coupled with an exergonic reaction to proceed.
Metabolic pathways are a series of chemical reaction. Catabolic pathways result in an overall decrease in free energy—free energy is released. Anabolic pathways result in an overall increase in free energy—free energy is absorbed.
Metabolic pathways are a series of chemical reaction. _____ pathways result in an overall decrease in free energy—free energy is released. _____ pathways result in an overall increase in free energy—free energy is absorbed.
