Lesson 3.1 - An Introduction to Metabolism

Question 1

Define Metabolism

Answer 1

The sum of all chemical reaction in a cell or organism.

Question 2

What is the sum of all chemical reaction in a cell or organism known as?

Answer 2

Metabolism

Question 3

Define Kinetic Energy

Answer 3

The energy of motion.

Question 4

What is the energy of motion known as?

Answer 4

Kinetic Energy

Question 5

Define Potential Energy

Answer 5

The stored energy that an object possesses as a result of its position relative to other objects or to its internal structure.

Question 6

What is the stored energy that an object possesses as a result of its position relative to other objects or to its internal structure known as?

Answer 6

Potential Energy

Question 7

Define First Law Of Thermodynamics

Answer 7

Principle that states that energy can be transferred or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 8

What is the principle that states that energy can be transferred or transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed known as?

Answer 8

First Law Of Thermodynamics

Question 9

Define Bond Energy

Answer 9

The minimum amount of energy that is required to break a particular type of bond; measured in kJ/mol of bonds.

Question 10

What is the minimum amount of energy that is required to break a particular type of bond known as?

Answer 10

Bond Energy

Question 11

Define Mole

Answer 11

The number (approximately 6.022 x 10²³) of atoms or molecules whose mass in grams is equal to the atomic mass of one such particle in atomic mass units. (One carbon atom has a mass of 12 AU, and therefore, one mole of carbon atoms has a mass of 12g.)

Question 12

What is the number (approximately 6.022 x 1023) of atoms or molecules whose mass in grams is equal to the atomic mass of one such particle in atomic mass units known as?

Answer 12

Mole

Question 13

Define Activation Energy (E_a)

Answer 13

The minimum amount of energy that chemical reactants must absorb to start a reaction.

Question 14

What is the minimum amount of energy that chemical reactants must absorb to start a reaction known as?

Answer 14

Activation Energy (E_a)

Question 15

Define Transition State

Answer 15

A temporary condition during a chemical reaction in which the bonds in the reactants are breaking and the bonds in the products are forming.

Question 16

What is a temporary condition during a chemical reaction in which the bonds in the reactants are breaking and the bonds in the products are forming known as?

Answer 16

Transition State

Question 17

Define Exothermic Reaction

Answer 17

A chemical reaction in which energy is released, leaving the products with less chemical potential energy than the reactants.

Question 18

What is a chemical reaction in which energy is released, leaving the products with less chemical potential energy than the reactants known as?

Answer 18

Exothermic Reaction

Question 19

Define Endothermic Reaction

Answer 19

A chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed, giving the products more chemical potential energy than the reactants.

Question 20

What is a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed, giving the products more chemical potential energy than the reactants known as?

Answer 20

Endothermic Reaction

Question 21

Define Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Answer 21

Principle that states that every time energy is converted to another form, some of the energy becomes unusable.

Question 22

What is the principle that states that every time energy is converted to another form, some of the energy becomes unusable known as?

Answer 22

Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Question 23

Define Entropy

Answer 23

A measurement of disorder in a system.

Question 24

What is a measurement of disorder in a system known as?

Answer 24

Entropy

Question 25

Define Spontaneous Change

Answer 25

A change that will, once begun, continue on its own under a given set of conditions; does not require a continuous supply of energy.

Question 26

What is a change that will, once begun, continue on its own under a given set of conditions and does not require a continuous supply of energy known as?

Answer 26

Spontaneous Change

Question 27

Define Free Energy

Answer 27

Energy that can do useful work; also called Gibbs free energy.

Question 28

What is energy that can do useful work known as?

Answer 28

Free Energy

Question 29

Define Exergonic Reaction

Answer 29

A chemical reaction that releases free energy; the products have less free energy than the reactants.

Question 30

What is a chemical reaction that releases free energy in which the products have less free energy than the reactants known as?

Answer 30

Exergonic Reaction

Question 31

Define Endergonic Reaction

Answer 31

A chemical reaction that absorbs free energy; the products have more free energy than the reactants.

Question 32

What is a chemical reaction that absorbs free energy in which the products have more free energy than the reactants known as?

Answer 32

Endergonic Reaction

Question 33

Define Energy Coupling

Answer 33

The transfer of energy from one reaction to another in order to drive the second reaction.

Question 34

What is the transfer of energy from one reaction to another in order to drive the second reaction known as?

Answer 34

Energy Coupling

Question 35

Define Catabolic Pathway

Answer 35

A pathway in which energy is released and complex molecules are broken down into simple molecules.

Question 36

What is a pathway in which energy is released and complex molecules are broken down into simple molecules known as?

Answer 36

Catabolic Pathway

Question 37

Define Anabolic Pathway

Answer 37

A pathway in which energy is supplied to build complex molecules from simple molecules.

Question 38

What is a pathway in which energy is supplied to build complex molecules from simple molecules known as?

Answer 38

Anabolic Pathway

Question 39

\_\_\_\_\_ is the ability to do work. All living things require a constant supply of \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 39

**Energy** is the ability to do work. All living things require a constant supply of **energy**.

Question 40

The _____ law of _____ states that energy transforms from one form to another or transfers from one object to another, but it is neither created nor destroyed.

Answer 40

The **first** law of **thermodynamics** states that energy transforms from one form to another or transfers from one object to another, but it is neither created nor destroyed.

Question 41

During a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactants break and bonds in the products form. For the bonds in the reactants to break, energy must be \_\_\_\_\_. As bonds form, energy is \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 41

During a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactants break and bonds in the products form. For the bonds in the reactants to break, energy must be **absorbed**. As bonds form, energy is **released**.

Question 42

The second law of _____ states that in every transfer and conversion of energy, there is less energy available to do work. The total entropy of a system and its surroundings always \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 42

The second law of **thermodynamics** states that in every transfer and conversion of energy, there is less energy available to do work. The total entropy of a system and its surroundings always **increases**.

Question 43

Gibbs free energy (G) is the energy in a system that is still available to do _____ after a reaction occurs.

Answer 43

Gibbs free energy (G) is the energy in a system that is still available to do **work** after a reaction occurs.

Question 44

\_\_\_\_\_ reactions have a negative G value, are spontaneous, and release free energy.

Answer 44

**Exergonic** reactions have a negative G value, are spontaneous, and release free energy.

Question 45

\_\_\_\_\_ reactions have a positive G value, are not spontaneous, and absorb free energy. They must be coupled with an _____ reaction to proceed.

Answer 45

**Endergonic** reactions have a positive G value, are not spontaneous, and absorb free energy. They must be coupled with an **exergonic** reaction to proceed.

Question 46

Metabolic pathways are a series of chemical reaction. Catabolic pathways result in an overall decrease in free energy—free energy is released. Anabolic pathways result in an overall increase in free energy—free energy is absorbed.

Answer 46

Metabolic pathways are a series of chemical reaction. _____ pathways result in an overall decrease in free energy—free energy is released. _____ pathways result in an overall increase in free energy—free energy is absorbed.