Lesson 2.1 - Cell Structures Flashcards
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
An organelle that stores starch, and in some plants functions as a gravity-sensing orgnaelle. Found in the cytosol, in plant cells.
Amyloplasts
What is a membrane-bound organelle that is involved in photosynthesis and storage in plants and algae known as?
Plastid
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
A whiplike tail that is used in propulsion of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Found on the exterior of animal cells.
Flagella
Define Cilia
Tiny hairlike structures that move water and mucus in eukaryotes; used for movement of prokaryotic cells.
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
A coating that is added to a plant cell wall; it is more rigid and often thicker than the primary cell wall. Found on the primary wall of plant cells.
Secondary Wall
What are the various roles of plastids? How can knowing the oclour of a plastid reveal something about its function?
Plastids are used to make food in the form of sugars (chloroplasts), to store food (amyloplasts), and to make and store pigments (chromoplasts). Green plastids perform photosynthesis. Colourful chromoplasts provide colour for fruits and colourless amyloplasts are used for storage of starches.
Define Vesicle
A small, membrane-bound organelle that may transport, store, or digest substances within a cell.
What is the outer barrier of a plant cell that surrounds the plasma membrane and gives structure to the plant known as?
Cell Wall
The _____ isolates and protects most of the cell’s DNA.
The nucleus isolates and protects most of the cell’s DNA.
Describe the relationship between the following cellular structures and contents.
Ribosomes and the Nucleolus
The subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus.
What is an organelle with two membranes that is the site of most ATP synthesis during aerobic cellular respiration known as?
Mitochondrion
What is a coating that is added to a plant cell wall which is more rigid and often thicker than the primary cell wall known as?
Secondary Wall
Define Cell Junction
A structure that allows cells to interact with each other and the surrounding environment.
Define Microfilament
A fibre structure that is made from actin, which is part of the cytoskeleton and is located in the cytosol of cells.
Structurally, how are chloroplasts and mitchondria well adapted for energy transfer? Explain your answer for each organelle.
They both have an increased internal surface area. In chloroplasts it allows for maximum light absorption (thylakoids) and in mitochondria it allows for maximum electron transport chain activity (cristae).
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
Helps to protect exposed surfaces of soft parts of the plant and limits water loss on hot, dry days. Found on the secondary wall of plant cells.
Cuticle
_____ cells have an extensive and dynamic framework called a cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is used for cell _____, internal _____, movement, and cell _____.
Eukaryotic cells have an extensive and dynamic framework called a cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is used for cell shape, internal structure, movement, and cell division.
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
The two-layer membrane that encloses the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Found around the nucleus, in the center of the cell, in plant and animal cells.
Nuclear Envelope
Define Mitochondrion
An organelle with two membranes; the site of most ATP synthesis during aerobic cellular respiration.
What is a small, membrane-bound organelle that may transport, store, or digest substances within a cell known as?
Vesicle
Compare and contrast the structure and the functions of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum are composed of delicate membranes and are found next to the nuclear membrane and in the cytosol. They form a network of sacs and tubes throughout the cell. The rough ER has ribosomes attached to the outer surface of its membrane while the smooth ER does not. The rough ER is involved in the folding and storage of proteins made in the ribosomes. The smooth ER is also involved in lipid synthesis.
Define Smooth ER
Areas of the endoplasmic reticulum without attached ribosomes.
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
A long, hollow cylinder that consists of subunits of the protein tubulin which forms a dynamic scaffolding for many cellular processes. Found in the cytosol, in plant and animal cells.
Microtubule
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
Temporary irregular lobes that bulge outward to move the cell and engulf a target, such as prey. Found on the exterior of animal cells.
Pseudopods
Define Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
A molecular system that supports and protects a cell; a cell’s environment.
What is the endomembrane system?
The endomembrane system is a series of organelles located in the cytosol that interact with each other.
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
A small, membrane-bound organelle that may transport, store, or digest substances within a cell. Found in the cytosol, in plant and animal cells.
Vesicle
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
A cellulose coating that surrounds a plant cell (part of the cell wall). Found surrounding the plasma membrane of plant cells.
Primary Wall
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
A molecular system that supports and protects a cell; a cell’s environment. Found outside plant and animal cells.
Extracellular Matrix
What are areas of the endoplasmic reticulum without attached ribosomes known as?
Smooth ER
What important roles are played by microtubules and microfilaments?
Microtubules and microfilaments play an important role in cell structure and cell movement. Microtubules form a dynamic scaffolding in cells, which is important in cell division to separate duplicated chromosomes. Microtubules also stabilize cilia and flagella used in cell transport. Microfilaments are responsible for muscle contraction and the formation of pseudopods.
How do lysosomes and peroxisomes differ functionally?
Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion while peroxisomes inactivate toxins like hydrogen peroxide.
Plant cells and animal cells have many of the same organelles. Plant cells also have a cell _____, plastids, and a large central _____.
Plant cells and animal cells have many of the same organelles. Plant cells also have a cell wall, plastids, and a large central vacuole.
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
Areas of the endoplasmic reticulum without attached ribosomes. Found in the cytosol, outside the nucleus, in plant and animal cells.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is an organelle that makes and stores pigments other than chlorophyll known as?
Chromoplast
Define Chloroplast
A double-membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes and pigments, which are used to perform photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells.
The _____ system produces lipids, enzymes, and other proteins that are secreted out of the cell or become part of the cell membrane.
The endomembrane system produces lipids, enzymes, and other proteins that are secreted out of the cell or become part of the cell membrane.
What is a liquid-filled organelle that stores waste and aids in cellular metabolism and water balance known as?
Vacuole
Which cell structure best matches the following description?
An organelle that makes and stores pigments other than chlorophyll. Found in the cytosol, in plant cells.
Chromoplasts
What is a dynamic barrier that surrounds the cytosol of the cell known as?
Plasma Membrane