Chapter 2 - Review Flashcards
What is a key difference between eukaryoties and prokaryotes?
- Eukaryotes do not have a nuclear membrane.
- Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear membrane.
- Eukaryotes do not have cell walls.
- Prokaryotes do not not have cell walls.
Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear membrane.
Which term refers to the series of interacting organelles between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?
- endomembrane system
- nuclear envelope
- intermembranal system
- total functioning unit of the cell
Endomembrane System
Which type of cells have mitochondria?
- eukaryotes
- prokaryotes
- cells that perform photosynthesis
- all cells
eukaryotes
Which of the following is NOT a function carried out by a plastid?
- energy production in animal cells
- energy production in leaves
- synthesis and storage of protein molecules
- synthesis and storage of sugar molecules
energy production in animal cells
Which of the following symptoms may be typical of cystic fibrosis?
- back pain
- bacterial infections in the lungs
- weak muscles and bones
- headaches and dizziness
bacterial infections in the lungs
How thick is the lipid bilayer?
- 0.01 nm
- 10 nm
- 1000 nm
- 1 000 000 nm
10 nm
What materials make up a cell membrane?
- lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
- lipid, cholesterols, and proteins
- lipids, nucleic acids, and cholesterol
- cholesterol, nucleic acids, and proteins
lipids, cholesterols, and proteins
Which form of energy is needed for passive transport to occur?
- ATP
- glucose energy
- ionization energy
- no energy is requiredno energy is required
no energy is required
Which direction do proton pumps move hydrogen ions?
- from the cytosol to the outside of the cell
- from the cytosol into the nucleus of the cell
- from the nucleus into the cytosol of the cell
- from the outside of the cell into the cytosol
from the cytosol to the outside of the cell
Is the following statement true or false?
Nucleoplasm is analogous to cytosol.
True
Is the following statement true or false?
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled from proteins and DNA in the cytosol.
False
Is the following statement true or false?
Cells that specialize in making and storing enzymes need less rough ER than average.
False
Is the following statement true or false?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have evolved from cells that were engulfed by other cells.
True
Is the following statement true or false?
The fluid mosaic model describes how membranes consist of lipid moleculed with embedded proteins.
True
Is the following statement true or false?
All primary active transport pumps move negatively charged ions across membranes.
False
Is the following statement true or false?
If a semipermeable bag that contains a 2 mol/L sucrose solution is placed in a 10 mol/L sucrose solution, it will shrink.
True
Is the following statement true or false?
Secondary active transport pumps use the concentration gradient of an ion, which has been established by a primary pump, as their energy source.
True
Is the following statement true or false?
Endocytosis moves proteins and wastes out of the cell.
False
Which of the following best descibes the nuclear envelope?
- protein coat
- doubled-up lipid bilayer
- single lipid layer
- the same as the plasma membrane
doubled-up lipid bilayer
Which of the following best describes a nuclear pore?
- hole through the centriole
- temporary opening for selective transport
- passive transport channel
- cluster of proteins that selectively transport only some materials
cluster of proteins that selectively transport only some materials
Which of the following is a function of vesicles?
- processing water
- disposing of waste
- producing toxins
- isolating carbohydrates
disposing of waste
In eukaryotes, which organelle is responsible for making ATP?
- nucleus
- Golgi body
- mitochondrion
- membrane
mitochondrion
Which type of cells do mitochondria resemble?
- neurons
- muscle cells
- bacteria
- cork cells
bacteria
How are peripheral proteins attached to the cytosol side of the cell membrane?
- by covalent bonds
- by non-covalent bonds
- by adhesion
- by glycosidic bonds
by non-covalent bonds
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
- transports materials outside the cell
- provides energy for the cell
- aids in cell movement
- stores materials for the cell
aids in cell movement
Which part(s) of a phospholipid is/are hydrophilic?
- the entire phospholipid molecule
- the phosphate group and the glycerol head
- the fatty acid tails
- the phosphate group only
the phosphate group and the glycerol head
What would make a hypertonic solution isotonic?
- removes water
- add water
- removes solutes and water
- add solutes
add water
Which of the following best describes the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
- osmosis
- diffusion
- passive transport
- active transport
diffusion
Which of the following best describes phagocytosis?
- a type of endocytosis that takes in large particles
- a type of endocytosis that takes in fluids
- a type of exocytosis that removes large particles
- a type of exocytosis that removes wastes and fluids
a type of endocytosis that takes in large particles
Which statement best describes the rate of O2 movement across a cell membrane?
- It is slow because the O2 molecule needs time to go through the respiration reactions.
- It is fast because the O2 molecule needs to go through the respiration reactions.
- It is slow because O2 is a large polar molecules.
- It is fast because O2 is a small non-polar molecule.
It is fast because O2 is a small non-polar molecule.
How does the rate of facilitated transport compare with the rate of simple diffusion for the same substance?
- Simple diffusion is always the faster method.
- The rates are approximately equal.
- Facilitated transport is faster if there are enough transporters.
- The rate depends on the type of cell, so there is not enough information to compare the rates.
Facilitated transport is faster if there are enough transporters.
Why does a cell swell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution?
- Water diffuses to an area where there is more water.
- Water diffuses to an areas where the solute concentration is lower.
- Water diffuses to an area where the solute concentration is higher.
- The solution must be outside the human body.
Water diffuses to an area where the solute concentration is higher.
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
Mitochondria do not have their own DNA.
False
Mitochondria have their own DNA.
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
Plants and animals have similar plastids.
False
Only plants and some algae have plastids.
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts probably evolved in a similar way.
True
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
Microfilaments help amoebas feed.
True
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
The purpose of the cuticle is to give structure to a plant.
False
The purpose of the cuticle is to protect the outer surface of leaves and prevent water loss.
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
A cell with a double membrane filled with membrane-bound organelles is a prokaryotic cell.
False
A cell with a double membrane filled with membrane-bound organelles is a eukaryotic cell.
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
While plant and animal cells have many of the same organelles, only plant cells have a cell wall, plastids, and a large central vacuole.
True
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
Membranes contain steroids that help to maintain their fluidity.
False
Membranes contain sterols that help to maintain their fluidity.
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
Integral membrane proteins are positions on top of the lipid layer.
False
Integral membrane proteins are embedded into the phospholipid layer.
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
The evolution of more external membranes allowed for more complex processes to develop within cells.
False
The evolution of more internal membranes allowed for more complex processes to develop within cells.
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
Voltage-gated channels remain open during the rest phase.
False
Voltage-gated channel are closed during the rest phase.
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
Osmosis is defined as the diffusion of water across a membrane.
True
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
Simple and facilitated diffusion both depend on a concentration gradient.
True
Is the following statement true or false? If it is false, correct it.
Secondary active transport pumps depend on the concentration gradient of an ion established by a primary pump as its source of energy.
True