Lesson 4 Section 3 Anatomical Terminology Flashcards by Brittany Evans

What are Centerioles?

Structures that function in cell reproduction

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What are Cilia?

Hairlike extensions on the surface of those cells capable of movement

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What is the Endoplasmic Retiuclum?

The membrane network of “roads” and “channels” that wind through cytoplasm

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What is the Flagella?

A sperm cell’s “tail”

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What are Lysosomes?

The cells “digestive system”

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What is the Mitochondria?

“Power plants” that burn food in the presence of oxygen to make cell energy

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What are Ribosomes?

“Protein factories” that make proteins

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What is Anabolism?

The building metabolic phase; grows, maintains, and repairs body structures

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What is Biology the study of?

life and life processes

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What is Catabolism?

The breaking-down metabolic phase; producing energy from food and oxygen

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What are chromosomes?

Short, tightly coiled rods that contain genes

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What does cyt/o- mean?

a cell

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Chat is cytoplasm?

A substance between the plasma membrane and nucleus of all cells

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What does DNA stand for and what is it?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, the chemical genes are made of

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What are genes?

Regions of DNA organized into the body’s “blueprint”

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What does Kary/o- mean as a prefix?

The nucleus

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What is Karyoplasm?

The substance of the nucleus

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What does Metabolism mean?

The chemical processes by which cells obtain and use energy

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What is a Nucleus?

The spheroid body within a cell that dictates protein production; controls, transport, metabolism, growth, heredity

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What are Organelles?

Structures within cytoplasm

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What does the suffix -Plasm mean?

Formative, formed material

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What is the plasma membrane?

The outside boundary of the cell

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What does RNA stand for and what is it?

Ribonucleic Acid, needed for production of protein within cells

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What is tissue fluid?

A saltwater solution that bathes every cell in the body

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What does DIFFUSION mean?

Movement of substances in and out of the cell

What is diffusion of water across cell membranes called?

Osmosis

How many types of TISSUES are there and what are they?

Four. 1) Epithelial Tissue. 2) Muscle tissue. 3) Connective Tissue. 4) Nerve Tissue

What are the 3 types of muscles?

Voluntary/striated, Involuntary/smooth, and Cardiac

What is the Fascia?

a connective tissue that forms a membrane to invest or surround muscles and organs to separate and support them.

What is nerve tissue?

Tissue that extends throughout the body to carry messages to and from the brain.

What is an organ?

A Somewhat independent body part that performs a specific function

What are the 5 major body cavities?

1) Cranial Cavity. 2) The Spinal Cavity. 3) Thoracic. 4) Abdominal Cavity. 5) The Diaphragm

What is the diaphragm?

a muscle-membrane wall that separates the thoracic and the abdominal cavities

How many body systems are there? Name them.

Ten. 1) Lymph 2) Cardiovascular 3) Endocrine 4) Digestive 5) Integumentary 6) Musculoskeletal 7) Nervous 8) Respiratory 9) Reproductive 10) Urinary

What is the mediastinum?

The mass of tissues and organs separating the two lungs

Prefix Arthr/o-

Joint

Prefix Arteri/o-

Artery

Prefix Blephar/o-

Eyelid

Prefix Broncho-

Windpipe, throat

Prefix Chir/o-

Hand

Prefix Chol/o-

bile

Prefix Cerebr/o-

Brain

Prefix Chondr/o-

Cartilage

Prefix Aden/o-

Gland

Prefix Col/o-

Lower intestine

Prefix Colp/o-

Vagina

Prefix Cor/o-

pupil of eye

Prefix Cortic/o-

Cortex

Prefix Cost/o-

Rib

Prefix Cyst/o-

Bladder, cyst

Prefix Dacry/o-

Tears

Prefix Dent-

Tooth

Prefix Dermat/o-

Skin

Dext/o-

Right side

Encephal/o-

Brain

Enter/o-

Intestine

Prefix Fibr/o-

fibrous

Gastr/o-

stomach

Gloss/o-

tongue

gynec/o-

woman

Hem/a-

Blood

Hem/o-

Blood

Hepat/o-

Liver

Hist/o-

tissue

Hydr/o-

Water

Hyster/o-

utuers/womb

Ili/o-

Flank, upper hipbone

Irid/o-

Iris of the eye

Labi/o-

lip

Lapar/o-

Flank, abdominal wall

Laryng/o-

windpipe, larynx

Lip/o-

Fat

Mast/o-

Breast

Metr/o-

Uterus

Muscul/o-

muscle

Myel/o-

marrow, spinal cord

My/o-

muscle

Nephr/o-

Kidney

Neur/o-

nerve

Odont/o-

tooth

Ophthalm/o-

Eye

Opt/o-

Eye

Orchid/o-

Testes

Oss/i-

Bone

Oste/o-

Bone

Ot/o-

Ear

Ov/i-

Egg

Pharyng/o-

Pharynx

Phleb/o-

Vein

Pleur/o-

rib, side of body

Pneum/o-

lung, air

Pod/o-

Foot

Poli/o-

gray matter

Proct/o-

Anus, rectum

Psych/o-

Mind

Pulm/o-

Lung

Pyel/o-

Pelvis

Ren/i-

Kidney

Sacr/o-

sacrum

Sangui-

blood

Sarc/o-

Flesh

Ser-o

serum, blood

Sial/o-

salivary glands

Somat/o-

body

Spondyl/o-

Vertebra

Stomat/o-

mouth

Thorac/o-

Chest

Thromb/o-

blood clot

Trache/o-

windpipe, trachea

Trich/o-

hair

Urethr/o-

Urethra

Urin/o-

urine

Ur/o-

urine

Uter/o-

womb, uterus

Vas/o-

vessel

Ven/o-

vein

Ventr/o-

abdomen

What does autonomic mena?

occurring involuntarily

What is the Axial?

the trunk of the skull

What are capillaries?

the smallest blood vessels

What is the cloaca?

Urogenital chamber of birds into which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge

What is the coccygeal?

Tail area

What is the collateral?

The secondary or accessory

What does coronary mean?

Regarding the heart

What does diastolic mean?

Regarding the relaxation of the heart muscle, allowing heart chambers to fill with blood

What is the duodenum?

The first part of the small intestine

What is the esophagus?

Tubular food passage between the neck and stomach

What is the peritoneum?

The membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

What is the pleural cavity?

The space between the lungs and pleura

What is the viscus?

Internal organs, particular of the abdominal cavity