Lesson 3 Section 4 Flashcards
What is one way to weigh a horse without a scale?
A Heart-girth tape. So many inches around the horse equals so many pounds of body weight
How do you determine an animals heart rate?
Stethoscope or femoral pulse for 15 seconds and times that by4 for beats per minute
what is a normal TPR for a dog?
T: 99.5-
P Young: 110-120
P Adult: 60-120
R Young: 20-25 R Adult: 14-16
What is a normal TPR for a cat?
T: 100.5-102.5 P young: 200-260 P adult: 160-200 R young: 20-30 R adult: 20-40
What is a normal TPR for a horse?
T: 99-101 P Young: 60-80 P Adult: 30-50 R Young: 14-15 R Adult: 9-10
What is the normal TPR for a cow?
T: 100-102 P young: 100-150 P adult: 40-60 R young: 30-60 R adult: 12-16
What is the normal TPR for sheep?
T: 101-104 P young: 80-120 P adult: 70-80 R young: 15-20 R adult: 15-40
What does palpitation mean?
Examining body parts by touch
What does auscultation mean?
Listening for sounds produced within the body
What are two common areas a vet listens to with a stethoscope?
Heart and lungs
What are 4 uncommon areas a vet will listen to with a stethoscope?
Sinuses, windpipe, intestines, stomach
What makes up the integumentary system?
Skin, hair, nails and/or scales
What are comedones?
Blackheads
What is the turgor pressure?
Normal elasticity of the skin
What are the turgor measurements?
0-1 sec = <5% dehydrated
2-4 sec = 5-8%
5-10 sec = 8-10%
10-30 sec = 10-12%
What are rales?
crackling or rattling sounds during inhalation
When auscultating the thorax how many pieces is it split into?
9 quadrants
The heart is divided into 4 zones, what are they?
3 on the left side are: Mitral, aortic, and pulmonary
4th (tricuspid) is on the right side
What is a pulse deficit?
Occurs when listening to the heart and feeling the pulse at the same time, If both are in sync, there is no deficit. The difference between the two, if any is the deficit
When palpating an abdomen, how is it divided?
Into thirds: The Cranial third, The Medial Third and the Caudal third
What can you palpate in each division of the abdomen?
Cranial third: the liver, stomach, spleen and parts of the kidney
Medial: small intestines and remainder of the kidneys
Caudal: Urinary Bladder and Large Intestines
What is peristalsis
involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward
What is examined of the urogenital system?
Mammary glands and vulva in females, testicles and penis in males
What are the palpebral and menace reflexes?
Palpebral are palpated by touching the medial corner of the eye to elicit a blink. The Menace Reflex is evaluated by moving an open palm rapidly toward the animals eye, this should also elicit blinking.
What is used to evaluate the eye pupils?
A penlight. Direct light toward the eye to constrict the pupil, the pull the light back. The pupil should dilate to its pre-exam state
What is Proprioception
Righting reflex: flex the animals paw and place it down, the animal should immediately correct the position of the paw.
What does the lymphatic system exam evaluate?
Submandibular, pre-scapular, axillary, inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes, these are the peripheral lymph nodes.
Where are the prescapular lymph nodes located?
Just cranial and dorsal to the shoulder joint
Where are the Submandibular lymph nodes located?
caudal to the mandible on each side of the jaw
Where are the Axillary lymph nodes located?
In the armpit region
Where are the Inguinal lymph nodes located?
Inguinal region between the rear legs
Where are the popliteal lymph nodes located?
at the caudal aspect of the rear leg behind the stifle (knee) joint - these can only be felt when enlarged, otherwise normally too small to feel
What is the conjunctiva
The membrane that covers the eyeball and the inside of the eyelids
What is the sclera
The white part of the eye
What is the cornea
the transparent layer that covers the front of the eye
What is the tympanic membrane
The ear drum
What is the cardiovascular system
The body system that circulates the blood
What is Perfuse
the body’s ability to pump blood
What is pulmonary edema
Fluid accumulation in the lungs
