Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Exercise Physiology 2230 > LESSON 4 - bioenergetics of muscle metabolism in the cycle > Flashcards

LESSON 4 - bioenergetics of muscle metabolism in the cycle Flashcards

1
Q

different forms of activity require different levels of energy which is supplies in the form of ____

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are cellular levels of ATP minuscule or large ?

A

minuscule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the energy donor fr muscle contraction ?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the three types of work energy is used for?

A
  • chemical
  • mechanically
  • transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is chemical work ?

A

synthesis of cellular molecules (everything to do with cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is mechanical work ?

A

muscle contraction (acting and myosin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is transport work?

A

maintain concentration of substances in intracellular and extracellular fluids (bringing Ca back to SR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

give an example of chemical work

A

from and conserve ATP from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

give an example of mechanical work

A

power stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

give an example of transport work

A

action potentials, Ca uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the two broad classes we can divide metabolic pathways into ?

A

catabolic and anabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is catabolic ?

A

those that convert substrates (fuel) int energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is anabolic ?

A

those that use energy to produce substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the two parts of a reaction ?

A

substrate and product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define substrate …

A

starting material of chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define product …

A

compound obtained at completion of reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

if we have more glucose what does that mean for energy ?

A

more energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the two controlling rates of energy production ?

A
  • mass action effect
  • enzyme effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is mass action effect ?

A

more substrate = faster rate ; more product = slower rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is enzyme effect ?

A

lowers activation energy for a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

more enzyme or increased enzyme activity =

A

faster rate of product formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

chemical reactions occurs only when …

A

they have sufficient initial energy (activation energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is an enzyme ?

A

biological catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what do enzymes do ?

A

speed up metabolism or the chemical reactions in our bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are energy substrates ?
fuel sources that we can convert to energy through cellular process
26
what are the three ways the body stores fuel ?
carbs, fats and protein
27
when do we break down protein ?
case of extreme starvation / very sick
28
which macro form of fuel is the easiest / most accessible ?
carbs
29
what are some examples of substrates that the macros that provide energy to resynthesize ATP provide ?
pyruvate, acetyl coA and coenzymes
30
what is the most effective form of storage ?
fats
31
define fats ?
- efficient substrate - efficient storage - slow rate of energy production
32
how many kcal/g of fat ?
9.4
33
whats the more healthy type of fat ?
unsaturated (double bond)
34
whats the more unhealthy type of fat ?
saturated (single bond)
35
what are the two main macros we focus on ?
carbs and fats
36
between fats and carbs which activation is higher ?
carbs
37
define carbs ?
- less efficient substrate - less efficient storage - high rate of energy production
38
how many kcal/g is a carb ?
4.1 kcal/g
39
what is the worst type of fat ?
trans
40
what does the breakdown of ATP provide ?
the required energy needed for all muscle cell functions
41
what is the term used for when chemical bonds of the molecule are broken through the addition of water ?
hydrolysis
42
what does the breaking of these chemical bonds release ?
energy
43
what are the the consumers of ATP within the muscle fiber ?
1. myosin ATPases 2. Ca ATPases 3. Na-K ATPases
44
what does ATP break down into to initiate powerstroke ?
ADP and Pi
45
what do the capillaries do in regards to the overall muscle fiber ?
brings nutrients in and getting waste out
46
what is the ATP store ?
6 mol ATP/kg wet muscle
47
what are the three exercise types ?
- heavy aerobic exercise - severe aerobic exercise - "all-out" sprint
48
what is the ATP breakdown rate of a heavy aerobic exercise ?
0.4 mol/kg/sec
49
what is the ATP breakdown rate of a severe aerobic exercise ?
1.0 mol/kg/sec
50
what is the ATP breakdown rate of a "all-out sprint" ?
3.7 mol/kg/sec
51
what is the time to complete ATP depletion of heavy aerobic exercises ?
15 seconds
52
what is the time to complete ATP depletion of severe aerobic exercise ?
6 seconds (cannot move muscle)
53
what is the time to complete ATP depletion of "all-out sprint" exercise ?
< 2 seconds
54
what would happen if we only relied on stored ATP ?
we would be exhausted in seconds
55
what are the two ways we resynthesize ATP ?
non oxidative and oxidative energy sources
56
what are the two non oxidative energy sources ?
phosphocreatine and glycolysis/glycogenolysis
57
what are the two oxidative energy sources ?
citric acid cycle/electron transport and fatty acids from beta-oxidation
58
what is glycolysis ?
glucose breakdown
59
what is glycogenlysis ?
breakdown of glycogen
60
what does non oxidative mean ?
we dont need oxygen for it
61
what does oxidative mean ?
oxygen is present
62
where is non oxidative found ?
in the cytoplasm
63
where is oxidative found ?
in the mitochondria
64
ATP resynthesized through non-oxidative processes are referred to as ...
"substrate-level" phosphorylation
65
ATP resynthesized through oxidative processes are referred to as ...
oxidative phosphorylation
66
how many ATP do non-oxidative energy sources produce ?
2-3 ATP
67
how many ATP do oxidative energy sources produce ?
36 ATP
68
what are the three non-oxidative contributors to energy supply ?
1. stored ATP 2. stored PCr (phosphocreatine) 3. glycolysis/glycogenolysis (glycolysis)
69
what can phosphocreatine do in regards to ATP ?
resupply ATP
70
what does lactic acid buildup cause ?
causes pain
71
what happens when ATP levels decrease ?
ADP increases and CK (creatine kinase) decreases
72
what happens when ATP levels increase ?
CK (creatine kinase) decreased
73
what does creatine kinase break down ?
phosphocreatine breaks into creatine by creatine kinase
74
describe how long creatine lasts during your workout ..
creatine only lasts for a little but of your workout then goes to ATP
75
if we only relied on stored ATP and PCr we would be exhausted in ______
20 seconds or less
76
what does glycolysis and glycogenolysis use as its substrate ?
glucose and glycogen
77
costs how many ATP for glucose ?
1
78
costs how many ATP for glycogen
0
79
the pathway of glycolysis and glycogenolysis starts with ...
glucose-6- phosphate
80
the pathway of glycolysis and glycogenolysis ends with ...
pyruvate
81
what is the ATP yield for glycolysis and glycogenolysis ?
glucose = 2 glycogen = 3
82
where is glycogen and glycogenelysis stored ?
glucose and glycogen
83
what do glucose and glycogen become ?
G-6-P
84
glucose and glycogen to G-6-P eventually turn into...
pyruvate
85
what happens if too much pyruvate is created during glycolysis and glycogenolysis ?
whole process will stop
86
what is NADH in the process of glycolysis ?
a substrate
87
why do we convert pyruvate to lactate ?
to prevent inhibition of glycolytic flux by accumulation of pyruvate
88
name two importances of lactate...
helps us produce energy and gives us NAD
89
what does lactate dehydrogenase do ?
LDH catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and back
90
FILL IN THE BLANK _________ contributes to ATP resynthesis requirements but as a low ATP yield
glycolysis/glycogenlysis
91
between ATP, PCr and Glycolysis which do we use immediately ?
ATP
92
between ATP, PCr and Glycolysis which do we use quickly and run out of in seconds ?
PCr
93
between ATP, PCr and Glycolysis which do we use for way longer before hitting exhaustion ?
glycolysis
94
what allows us to exercise for longer ?
oxygen
95
if we only relied on ATP, PCr and Glycolysis we would be exhausted within about ________
2 minutes or less
96
what are the four contributors to energy supply ?
1. stores ATP 2. stored PCr 3. glycolysis/glycogenolysis 4. oxidative phosphorylation
97
which form of energy supply leads to no exhaustion ?
oxidative phosphorylation
98
what is the main energetic system we use in our day to day life ?
oxidative phosphorylation
99
FILL IN THE BLANK ____________ can sustain ATP resynthesis requirements indefinitely
oxidative phosphorylation
100

Exercise Physiology 2230 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions