Lesson 20 - Male Reproductive System Flashcards
reproductive system
consists of primary and secondary sex organs
primary sex organs
the gonads
secondary sex organs
organs other than the gonads that are necessary for reproduction
external genitalia is located..
in the perineum
internal genitalia is located
in the pelvic cavity
male and female structures that develop from the same embryonic structures are ______
homologous
the penis is homologous to the…
clitoris
the scrotum is homologous to the…
labia majora
male external genitalia (2)
scrotum and penis
scrotum
pouch of skin, muscle, and fibrous connective tissue containing the testes
deep to the skin of the scrotum is _____ _____
dartos fascia
dartos fascia
layer of smooth muscle and connective tissue within the scrotum
dartos muscle
smooth muscle layer within the dartos fascia
the internal ______ _______ divides the scrotum into right and left compartments
median septum
perineal raphe
medial seam on the scrotum surface that marks the location of the median septum; extends anteriorly along the ventral side of the penis and posteriorly to the anus
the spermatic cord continues through the _____ _____ into the pelvic caivty
inguinal canal
within the scrotum, the spermatic cord is enmeshed in strips of internal oblique muscle called the ______
cremaster
when it is cold, what does the cremaster muscle do?
it contracts to hold the testes closer to the body (opposite when hot)
when it is cold, what does the dartos fascia do?
contracts, wrinkling the scrotum and holding testes against the body
interstitial endocrine cells secrete
testosterone
each seminiferous tubule is lined with a think ______ epithelium
germinal
layers of the germinal epithelium (2)
- layers of germ cells (developing sperm)
- tall nurse cells (supporting cells, sustentacular)
nurse cells, aka (2)
supporting cells, sustentacular cells
nurse cells secrete proteins…(2)
androgen-binding protein and inhibin to regulate sperm production
tight junctions between nurse cells form the….
blood-testis barrier
the blood-testis barrier prevents…
antibodies and immune cells from attacking germ cells
spermatic ducts include… (4)
- efferent ductules
- duct of the epididymis
- ductus deferens
- ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicles
pair of glands posteior to the bladder that empty into the ejaculatory ductpr
prostate
secretes a thin milky secretion that forms 30% of semen
bulbourethral glands
produce a clear, slippery fluid (pre-ejacualte) that lubricates the head of the penis in preparation for intercourse; protects sperm from residual urethra
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate; compresses urethra and obstructs flow of urine making it harder to completely empty bladder
prostate cancer
typically unnoticed but painful
how do they check for prostate cancer? (4)
- digital rectal exam
- palpate through rectal wall
- elevated levels of serine protease (PSA)
- elevated levels of acid phosphatase
the adult prepuce of the penis remains anchored to the glands by the _____
frenulum
trabeculae
partitions between the cavernous spaces of the penis
reproductive function in males is regulated by…
hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis
in men, follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates…
nurse cells to secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP) that binds testosterone and stimulates spermatogenesis
in men, luteinizing hormone stimulates…
interstitial endocrine cells to produce androgens, primarily testosterone
why does testosterone secretion decline with age?
due to a decline in the number and activity of interstitial endocrine cells
andropause
male climacteric; symptoms of decreasing testosterone
