Lectures 7 & 8 (test 1)

Question 1

esthesiometer

Answer 1

set of calibrated fibers with different diameter, each producing a different force when applied to the skin, used to determine touch thresholds

Question 2

vibrotactile

Answer 2

changes in pressure over time

Question 3

the maximum sensitivity to vibration occurs at ____

Answer 3

200 Hz

Question 4

bigger receptive field, ____to detect 2 points on the skin

Answer 4

harder

Question 5

adaptation occurs in response to ______

Answer 5

prolonged steady pressure

Question 6

FA respond when pressure is

Answer 6

placed and removed

Question 7

SA response to pressure

Answer 7

is slowly dissipating over time

Question 8

pain is a perceptual consequence of ___-

Answer 8

nociception

Question 9

nociception processing happens in ____

Answer 9

the dorsal horn

Question 10

______ recieves pain info

Answer 10

substantia gelatinosa (in dorsal horn)

Question 11

Melzack and Wall’s theory says that various influences combine to form _________

Answer 11

pain perception

Question 12

bottom-up processes can be blocked from a feedback circuit in the _____ by ______

Answer 12

• dorsal horn

- rubbing area that was hurt

Question 13

what neuron transmits pain info?

Answer 13

unmyelinated C fibers

Question 14

pain brain activity

Answer 14

• under hypnosis put a hand in the hot water
• told pain was increasing or decreasing
• caused activity in ACC to change according to what they were told they were feeling
• the temp was always the same

Question 15

referred pain

Answer 15

• pain that arises in deeper structures but is felt elsewhere
• due to convergence of neurons onto the spinal cord
• i.e. arm hurting during heart attack as they synapse onto the same spinal nerve body doesn’t know which is truly in pain

Question 16

phantom limb

Answer 16

the illusion that a missing/ amputated limb is there

Question 17

phantom pain

Answer 17

lingering pain sensation in the amputated limb,

central pain: pain arises from CNS activity without peripheral stimulation

big cause = sporadic activity

Question 18

univariate approach to pain measurement

Answer 18

• group all dimensions of pain together

- measure using standard psychophysical techniques

Question 19

a multivariate approach to pain measurement

Answer 19

• sepratley asses different pain dimensions of pain

- asses using McGill pain questionare

Question 20

why not use the method of constant stimuli for pain measurement?

Answer 20

may hurt or injure the patient

Question 21

the pharmacological approach to modulating pain

Answer 21

• use analgesic (dampen pain)
• anti-inflammatory drugs (scientists still don’t know how Tylenol works)
• opioids (morphine), the nervous system makes endogenous opioids which may impact our pain tolerance

Question 22

anesthetic approach to modulating pain

Answer 22

• surgical approach
• block transmission of pain signals through the spinal cord
• remove parts of spinal cord or frontal obe (ACC, prefrontal lobe)
• transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) activate A-beta fibers causing counter stimulation

Question 23

the psychological approach to modulating pain

Answer 23

• relaxation training, distraction techniques, hypnosis

- placebo effect (might be due to endogenous opioid release)

Question 24

gate control theory

Answer 24

explains why rubbing can reduce pain

Question 25

ACC

Answer 25

anterior cingulate cortex

pain processing