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PSYCH 2E03 > Lectures 5 & 6 (test 1) > Flashcards

Lectures 5 & 6 (test 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

tactile

A
  • displacement of skin

- to identify and manipulate objects

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2
Q

pain

A
  • occurs when there is damage to body tissue

- warning system for harm

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3
Q

itchiness

A
  • haptic sensation

- protects skin from irritants

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4
Q

thermal

A
  • temp changes

- to seek/create a thermally same environment

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5
Q

pleasant

A
  • the response of slow stroking
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6
Q

kinesthesia

A
  • internal sensation
  • tell us the location / position of limbs
  • to act in our world
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7
Q

what is the sensory organ for touch?

A

the skin

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8
Q

epidermis

A
  • outer most layer
  • protective shield
  • sub layers are consistently replenished
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9
Q

dermis

A
  • the bulk of skin tissue

- contains most touch receptors

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10
Q

the touch receptors are found on … (4)

A
  • skin
  • mouth
  • muscles
  • tendons / joints
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11
Q

size of receptor field

A

the extent of the body area that will elicit a response from that receptor

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12
Q

Pacinian capsule

A
  • mechanoreceptor
  • fast adapting
  • changes in skin shape
  • high-frequency vibration
  • fine texture perception
  • located in dermis
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13
Q

Ruffini capsule

A
  • mechanoreceptor
  • Slow adapting
  • skin stretch causing an AP in afferent nerve fiber
  • transmit constant pressure
  • dermis and deeper tissue
    sit parallel to the skin surface
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14
Q

Meisner capsule

A
  • mechanoreceptor
  • Fast adapting
  • transmit low-frequency vibration
  • closest to the skin surface
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15
Q

Merkel cell

A
  • mechanoreceptor
  • slow adapting
  • Merkel cell neurite complex lie in fingerprint ridges
  • superficial
  • sustained pressure
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16
Q

as axon diameter decreases, conduction speed _____

A

decreases

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17
Q

SA I

A
  • texture perception
  • pattern / form perception
  • sustained pressure
  • very low frequency
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18
Q

SA II

A
  • finger position

- sustained pressure

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19
Q

FA I

A
  • low frequency
  • stable grasp
  • skin slip
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20
Q

FA II

A
  • high frequency

- fine texture perception

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21
Q

How to measure receptive field size include …

A
  • extracellular recording
  • activate nerve
  • ask what they feel
  • is not too painful
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22
Q

central axons of the sensory neurons that transmit temp and pain signals terminate in ______

A

the dorsal horn

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23
Q

Thermorecptors are in the

A

epidermal and dermal layers

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24
Q

temp info travels via what 2 fibers

A
  • C fibers
  • A delta fibers
    (little to no myelination, therefore, travels slowly)
25
Q

the ratio for cold : warm fibers

A

30:1

26
Q

thermoreceptors are activated when there is a _____________

A

deviation from the physiological zero

27
Q

at extreme temps, we also activate _______

A

pain receptors

28
Q

thermoreceptors sense heat and cold through ____________

A

TRP channels
transient receptor potential channels
thermoTRPs

29
Q

what is the only sense we actively avoid?

A

pain

30
Q

nociceptors

A

receptors that detect painful or potentially harmful stimuli, have free nerve endings

31
Q

2 types of nociceptors

A

myelinated A-delta fibers: respond to strong heat

unmyelinated c type: respond to intense pressure, intense heat or cold

32
Q

2 responses when pain is detected

A

1) stimuli directly affect ion channel in the afferent nerve ending
2) nerve damage releases ATP which activated ion channels

33
Q

noci-transducers

A

non-selective cation channels

34
Q

thermoTRP channels

A
  • different from thermoTRPs

- TRPV1 responds to heat and capsaicin

35
Q

acid-sensing ion channels

A
  • innervate skeletal and cardiac muscles

- thought to mediate pain through pH change during low O2

36
Q

ligand-gated ATP receptors

A
  • open in response to extracellular ATP

- allows cations in

37
Q

a pleasant touch is mediated by ___

A

unmyelinated C fiber

NOT SAME AS ITCH PAIN C FIBERS

38
Q

in infant study which stroke rate reduced heart rate

A

medium (3m/s)

39
Q

kinesthetic receptors

A
  • sense where and what movements our limbs are making

- are stretch gated channels

40
Q

muscle spindles

A

convey the rate at which muscle fibers are changing in length

41
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A

provides signals about the tension in the muscles attached to the tendons

42
Q

joint receptors

A

activated when joint bent at an extreme angle

43
Q

tactile mechanoreceptors use what capsule

A

Pacinian capsule

44
Q

cell bodies of somatosensory neurons lie in the _______-

A

dorsal root ganglion

45
Q

axons of various somatosensory receptors synapse onto ___ out of ___ pairs of spinal nerve

A

1

31

46
Q

APs travel from the peripheral end along the axon to central end where they enter the spinal cord at the ______ which is organized into ____

A

dorsal horn

laminae (layers)

47
Q

inputs in the spinal cord are organized _______

A

somatotopically

48
Q

dermatomes

A

map of where spinal nerve root maps onto the body

49
Q

shingles

A

virsus attacks a spinal nerve which causes it to show up on that nerves corresponding dermatome area of the skin (often in stripes)

50
Q

primary somatosensory cortex (S1)

A
  • receives info from thalamus via internal capsule
  • located in post gyrum (parietal lobe)
  • somatotopic organization (into vertical columns)
51
Q

secondary somatosensory cortex (S2)

A

receives convergent projections from S1

52
Q

motor areas of the cortex

A
  • infront of the central sulcus

- increases communication b/w somatosensory and motor neurons

53
Q

_______ have highest density of mechanorecptors

A

fingertips

54
Q

____ areas tend to have smaller receptive fields

A

S2

55
Q

cerebral cortex organized into ___ layers

A

6

56
Q

info inserted to the cerebral cortex at layer ___

A

4

57
Q

proof of neural plasticity

A
  • monkeys increased cortex devotion to digits 2 and three after being trained to use them more
  • adults blindfolded for 5 days and noticed an increased area of brain responded to touch than before as par of vision area taken over (used braille) (CROSS MODALITY PLASTICITY)
58
Q

how does neural plasticity apply to smartphone users

A

increased thumb sensort representation in the brain

PSYCH 2E03 (22 decks)

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