lecture 20 (test 2) Flashcards
binaural integration happens above the
cochlear nucleus
the primary site of binaural difference coding is the
superior olive
the superior olive contains
MSO and LSO
where is the first place info from 2 ears converge
superior olive
is the auditory cortex binaural
yes
the old model of MSO sound location
0 degrees azimuth would meet at middle neuron (neuron 4)
The new model of MSO sound location
delay when the basilar membrane has activated
the difference in these 2-time points is the length of the axons
Jeffress cross-correlation model
says time difference between ears is because of when the wave reaches a certain frequency
what causes different sections of MSO to activate
different frequencies
Interaural Level Difference
higher frequency increases ILD
sound pressure decreases with distance
head shadow
where is the ILD the greatest
90 degrees
if sound presented on the left what is the LSO activity
left LSO= excitation
right LSO= inhibition
LSO is a ______ in the ______
relay station
brain stem
cone of confusion
two sounds arriving at each ear at the same time
cone of confusion solution
turn head
relative intensity
closer sound of the same intensity are louder
as the object gets farther away we are
bad at detecting distance of the sound source
spectral composition
when sounds are far away, high frequencies decrease in energy more than low frequencies
when a sound source is near most of the energy reaching the ear is
direct
loss of vision can cause
occipital lobe being recruited for auditory uses
fMRI
T or F: some blind people can echolocate
True
overtones provide information about
the timbre (quality of the sound)
the problem of the missing fundamental
remove fundamental harmonic
they still hear the fundamental frequency stimulus that does not exist
frequency theory
all harmonics of a fundamental frequency have common fluctuations in sound pressure at regular intervals that correspond to the fundamental
pitch is associated with the
lowest common denominator
timbre
perceptual quality that allows us to tell instruments apart
differences in timbre are accounted for
by differences in frequency spectra
attack
how long it takes a sound to reach it max intensity
decay
how long it takes for the sound energy to dissipate and stop
auditory scene analysis (ASA)
all sound waves from one enviroment are summed together in a single complex sound wave
spatial segregation
sounds that come from same location in space and time typically come from same source
spectral segregation
sounds with similar pitches are treated as coming from the same source
temporal segregation
sounds that occur together are grouped together
grouping by timbre
sounds with similar timbres usually come from the same source
group by onset
sound components that begin at the same time tend to be heard a coming from the same source
grouping by familiarity
participants make use of experience to separate different sound sources
continuity effects of perceptual restoration effects
the continuous auditory stream is heard to continue behind making noise
radio static and can still hear a string of lyrics
our auditory system fills gaps when we hear “noise”
