lecture 15 & 16 (test 2)

Question 1

miracle berry come from where

Answer 1

derived from a naturally grown plant in West Africa called

synepalum dulcificum

Question 2

how does miracle berry taste to human

Answer 2

tasteless

Question 3

what molecule in the miracle berry is taste altering

Answer 3

miraculin

Question 4

what taste does miraculin alter

Answer 4

sour > sweet

Question 5

what happens to sweet receptors as pH became more acidic

Answer 5

stronger receptor activation, perceive more sweetness with foods of lower pH ratings

Question 6

what structure is miraculin

Answer 6

glycoprotein

Question 7

miraculin causes what activity…

Answer 7

natural sweetener by binding to the same binding site
suppresses the sweet receptor
from eating bitter/sour food activation causes an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration

Question 8

how can we use miraculin to shape dietary practices

Answer 8

• reduce sugar intake

- instead of artificial sweeteners

Question 9

auditory uses include

Answer 9

• finding mates
• avoiding predators
• communication
• finding food

Question 10

audition is the _____ sense

Answer 10

fastest

Question 11

what is sound according to physics

Answer 11

vibrational disturbance of a medium

has a set of physical qualities that can be described

Question 12

what is sound according to psychology

Answer 12

a physical event that produces a perceptual experience of hearing
described as a set of qualities like loudness and pitch

Question 13

what is normal atmospheric pressure

Answer 13

100kPa

Question 14

objects must have what 2 things to vibrate

Answer 14

elasticity and inertia

Question 15

compression

Answer 15

displacement of neighboring air molecules

Question 16

rarefaction

Answer 16

movement in oppsite direction causes air molecules to relax

Question 17

amplitude

Answer 17

pressure change from peak to peak

Question 18

frequency

Answer 18

number of cycles that occur per second

1Hz is 1 cycle per second

Question 19

what happens when you tap a tuning for harder

Answer 19

increases the amplitude, frequency stays the same

Question 20

frequency is _________ to wavelength

Answer 20

inversely proportional

Question 21

young healthy humans can hear

Answer 21

20-20,000 Hz

Question 22

pain threshold is around

Answer 22

140 dB

Question 23

the loudest sound we can hear is ________ times louder than the faintest sound we can hear

Answer 23

1 000 000

Question 24

decibal equation

Answer 24

dD=20 log (p/p0)
p=pressure of sound being described
p0=lowest audible sound

Question 25

what does a dbSPL mean

Answer 25

indicates the lowest audible sound was used at a reference

Question 26

is 0db silence?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

complex periodic waves

Answer 27

repeating but not sinusoidal

Question 28

each frequency component is called

Answer 28

a harmonic

Question 29

fundamental frequency

Answer 29

lowest frequency component of a sound

Question 30

complex aperiodic sounds, sound like

Answer 30

white noise

Question 31

Fourier analysis

Answer 31

a complex wave broke down into sine wave components represented in a Fourier spectrum

Question 32

what does white noise look like on a Fourier spectrum?

Answer 32

straight line

Question 33

sound intensities diminish with

Answer 33

distance

Question 34

sound intensity represented by inverse square law

Answer 34

intensity= 1/r^2

Question 35

why is sound intensity important

Answer 35

localization

Question 36

reflection

Answer 36

sound bounces back after hitting a boundary called echoes

Question 37

absorbed

Answer 37

energy is transformed from one medium to another

Question 38

diffracted

Answer 38

wave bends around an object, reforms, and continues, this is easier for low-frequency sounds

Question 39

what characteristics are important to consider when designing halls, auditoriums, etc.

Answer 39

reflection, absorbed, diffracted