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FA1 Anatomy 1 > Lectures 4/5 8/29/23 > Flashcards

Lectures 4/5 8/29/23 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of ligaments?

A

attach bone to bone

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2
Q

What is the role of tendons?

A

attach muscle to bone

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3
Q

What is the other name for extra-capsular ligaments?

A

collateral ligaments

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of collateral ligaments?

A

-thickenings of the synovial joint capsule
-found on joints that only move in some directions
-found on medial and lateral sides

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5
Q

Which joints DO NOT have collateral ligaments?

A

ball and socket joints like the humeral and coxal joints

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6
Q

Which joints are intra-capsular ligaments found in?

A

-carpus
-tarsus
-coxal
-genual

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7
Q

What are the two parts of every muscle?

A

-belly/head
-attachments

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of the muscle belly?

A

-active
-actual muscle
-a muscle can have multiple bellies/heads
-contract/shorten when activated
-relax back into regular shape

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of muscle attachments?

A

-passive
-connective tissues

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10
Q

What is the endomysium?

A

connective tissue that surrounds an individual muscle cell

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11
Q

What is the perimysium?

A

connective tissue that surrounds multiple muscle cells/creates bundles

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12
Q

What is the epimysium?

A

connective tissue around the entire muscle

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13
Q

What is the relationship between epimysium and tendons?

A

tendons are an extension of the epimysium

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14
Q

What are the types of connections between muscles and bones?

A

-tendons
-aponeuroses
-fleshy attachments

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of tendons?

A

-chords of connective tissue
-attach to bones at one bony prominence

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of aponeuroses?

A

-flat, sheet-like tendons
-attach to bone along a longer ridge/surface

17
Q

What are the characteristics of fleshy attachments?

A

muscle tissue sits right on bone
-can only be viewed microscopically

18
Q

What are the two types of muscle attachments?

A

-origin/proximal attachment
-insertion/distal attachment

19
Q

What is extension?

A

movement that makes the extensor angle smaller

20
Q

What is flexion?

A

movement that makes the flexor angle smaller

21
Q

What is abduction?

A

movement that moves limb away from main body mass

22
Q

What is adduction?

A

movement that moves limb towards main body mass

23
Q

What is rotation?

A

movement around the axis of a limb

24
Q

What are the two types of rotation?

A

-supination
-pronation

25
Q

What is supination?

A

movement of the palm towards median plane and dorsal

26
Q

What is pronation?

A

movement of the palm towards the median plane and ventral

27
Q

What is circumduction?

A

movement in a circle

28
Q

What is a synergist/agonist?

A

a muscle that does the same action as a chosen “prime mover”

29
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

a muscle that does the opposite action as a chosen “prime mover”

30
Q

What is a fixator?

A

actively contracting antagonist

31
Q

What is the role of a fixator?

A

to allow one joint to move while keeping another immobile when the prime mover has potential to move both

32
Q

How do you determine how a muscle will act on a limb?

A

-when a muscle and an angle share the same side, that muscle will perform that action
-ex: muscle on the same side as extensor angle will extend limb; muscle on medial side of limb will adduct limb, etc.

33
Q

What is a retinaculum?

A

covering over a tendon that keeps it in place

34
Q

What is a bursa?

A

a fluid-filled packet that provides cushion between tendon and bone

35
Q

What is a tendon sheath?

A

a bursa-like structure wrapped around a tendon that protects it over a distance

36
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

bone embedded in a tendon that protects tendon from joints/bony prominences

FA1 Anatomy 1 (26 decks)

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