Lecture 8 9/12/23 Flashcards
What are the three short ligaments?
-interspinous
-yellow
-intercapital
Where are interspinous ligaments located?
between the spinous processes
Where are yellow ligaments located?
in the gap between vertebrae on the dorsal aspect (over spinal cord)
Where are intercapital ligaments located?
between the heads of ribs with the same pair, running through the intervertebral foramina
Which rib pairs have intercapital ligaments?
rib pairs 1-10
What is the purpose of intercapital ligaments?
to prevent intervertebral disc blowouts
Why do rib pairs 11-13 not have intercapital ligaments?
since the heads of the ribs articulate more caudally, they do not line up with the intervertebral foramina in order to have the ligaments
What is the purpose of interspinous ligaments?
to anchor vertebrae together
Why is a yellow ligament a good indicator of when a needle has entered the space around the spinal cord?
the ligament will pop
What tissue are yellow ligaments made out of?
elastic tissue
What structures border the thoracic inlet?
-T1 vertebral body
-first rib pair
-first sternebra
What structures border the thoracic cavity?
-thoracic inlet
-all thoracic vertebral bodies
-ribs and intercostal muscles
-sternebrae
-diaphragm
What are the two types of muscles in the trunk?
-epaxial
-hypaxial
What are the three muscle systems of the epaxial muscles?
-transversospinalis
-longissimus
-iliocostalis
How are the three epaxial muscle systems arranged?
-transversospinalis is closest to the spinous process
-longissimus is in the middle
-iliocostalis is closest to the ribs
How do the transversospinalis and longissimus muscle systems run?
from head to ilium
How does the iliocostalis muscle system run?
from first rib to ilium
What are the actions of the epaxial muscles?
-extend the vertebral column (left and right sides together)
-lateral flexion (left side OR right side)
What are the roles of hypaxial muscles?
-flex the vertebral column
-involved with respiration
What are the muscles of inspiration?
-diaphragm (main)
-scalenus
-serratus dorsalis cranialis
-external intercostal mm.
-internal intercostal mm.
What is the muscle of expiration?
serratus dorsalis caudalis
What are the characteristics of the scalenus muscle?
-runs from cervical vertebrae to rib pairs 1-3
-pivots ribs towards head to increase thoracic cavity volume
What are the characteristics of the serratus dorsalis cranialis muscle?
-runs from dorsal midline to rib pairs 1-10
-pulls ribs cranially
What are the characteristics of the external intercostal muscles?
-between each pair of ribs
-caudal-ventral fiber direction
-pull ribs together
What are the characteristics of the internal intercostal muscles?
-between each pair of ribs
-cranial-ventral fiber direction
-pulls ribs together
Why is it important that the action of the external and internal intercostal muscles causes the ribs to “seize up?”
all of the ribs move as one unit instead of individually
What are the characteristics of the serratus dorsalis caudalis?
-attaches to last 3-4 rib pairs
-pulls ribs caudally
What is the function of the diaphragm?
create space in the thoracic cavity for air
What function do the longus captius and longus colli have?
flexion of the cervical spinal column
