Lecture 7 9/8/23 Flashcards
What are the two main parts of the vertebrae?
-body
-vertebral arch
What are the four parts of the vertebral arch?
-two lamina
-two pedicles
What is the vertebral foramen?
the space between the vertebral arch and the body of a singular vertebrae
What is the vertebral canal?
all of the vertebral foramen of all the vertebrae
What are the parts of the intervertebral disc?
-annulus fibrosus
-nucleus pulposus
What are the characteristics of the annulus fibrosus?
-fibrous cartilage
-joins one vertebrae to another
What are the characteristics of the nucleus pulposus?
-gelatinous
-shock absorption
What are the four processes on a vertebrae?
-cranial articular process
-caudal articular process
-spinous process
-transverse process
What is the intervertebral foramen?
the space between the vertebrae when looking at the lateral surfaces
What is the spinal formula for the dog?
C7 T13 L7 S3 CD20-23
What are the roles of the vertebral processes?
-form joints between vertebrae
-serve as sites of tendon and ligament attachment
What are the four long ligaments of the vertebral column?
-nuchal ligament
-supraspinous ligament
-dorsal longitudinal ligament
-ventral longitudinal ligament
Where does the nuchal ligament run?
C2 (axis) to T1
What is the role of the nuchal ligament?
helps larger animals to support the head
Where does the supraspinous ligament run?
T1 to sacrum
Where does the dorsal longitudinal ligament run?
along the ventral part of the vertebral canal from C2 to sacrum
Where does the ventral longitudinal ligament run?
along the ventral part of the vertebral bodies from C2 to sacrum
What do the dorsal and ventral longitudinal ligaments do?
hold vertebral bodies together
Where does the spinal cord run?
through the vertebral foramen, exiting through intervertebral foramen
Where do nerves exit?
intervertebral foramen
What is the other name for C1?
atlas
What is the other name for C2?
axis
What is the function of the atlas?
allowing the head to nod yes
What is the function of the axis?
allowing the head to shake no
What joint is between the skull and the atlas?
atlantoccipital jnt
What joint is between the atlas and the axis?
atlantoaxial jnt
What type of joint are the atlantoccipital and the atlantoaxial joints?
synovial joints
What six joints are the standards joints on a vertebrae?
-2 intervertebral disc joints
-4 articular process joints
What are the six additional joints on vertebrae attached to ribs?
-4 articulations with rib heads
-2 articulations with rib tubercles
Where do the rib heads articulate with the vertebrae?
fossas on the cranial and caudal aspects of the vertebrae, ventrally
What type of joints are between the rib heads and rib tubercles and the vertebrae?
synovial joints
Which vertebrae have the standard number of joints (6)?
C3-C6, L1-L7
What is unique about C6?
it has expanded lamina on the transverse processes
How many joints does C7 have?
8 - 6 standard joints and 2 rib head articulations
How many joints do T1 through T9 have?
12 - 6 standard joints and 6 rib joints
Why do T10-T13 only have 10 joints?
the fossas that the ribs articulate with move away (caudally) from the cranial edge, preventing the ribs from articulating with the vertebrae cranially to them
What is unique about the S1-S3 vertebrae?
they are fused to form the sacrum
