Lecture 3 - 8/28/23

Question 1

What joints are between the proximal phalanges and the middle phalanges?

Answer 1

proximal Interphalangeal joints

Question 2

What joints are between the middle phalanges and the distal phalanges?

Answer 2

distal Interphalangeal joints

Question 3

What overarching category do the antebrachiocarpal, middle carpal, and carpometacarpal joints fall into?

Answer 3

carpal joint complex

Question 4

What overarching category do the metacarpo-phalangeal, proximal Interphalangeal, and distal Interphalangeal joints fall into?

Answer 4

digital joints

Question 5

How do the front limb and back limb differ in terms of attachment to the axial skeleton?

Answer 5

-back limb is attached through a joint
-front limb is attached via muscles; no joint

Question 6

What region of the hind limb contains the ilium, ischium, and pubis (os coxa)?

Answer 6

hip

Question 7

What region of the hind limb contains the femur?

Answer 7

thigh

Question 8

What region of the limb contains the fibula and tibia?

Answer 8

leg/crus

Question 9

What are the three divisions of the hind foot?

Answer 9

-tarsus
-metatarsus
-digits

Question 10

What bone within the hind limb does not fit into one of the limb regions?

Answer 10

patella

Question 11

What joint is in between the calcaneus and the talus bones?

Answer 11

talocalcaneal joint

Question 12

What joint is in between the talus, calcaneus, and central tarsal bones?

Answer 12

talocalcaneo-central joint

Question 13

What joint is between the calcaneus and the fourth tarsal bone?

Answer 13

calcaneo-quartal joint

Question 14

What joint is between the central tarsal bone and the first through third tarsal bones?

Answer 14

centro-distal joint

Question 15

What joints are between the tarsal bones and the metatarsal bones?

Answer 15

tarso-metatarsal joints

Question 16

What joints are between the metatarsal bones and the phalanges?

Answer 16

metatarso-phalangeal joints

Question 17

Which joints are the same between the front foot and back foot?

Answer 17

-proximal Interphalangeal joints
-distal Interphalangeal joints

Question 18

Which joints have exceptions to the “extensor angle is larger than the flexor angle” rule?

Answer 18

-metacarpo-phalangeal joints
-metatarso-phalengeal joints
-distal Interphalangeal joints (front and back foot)

Question 19

What is the name of the joint between the crus and the tarsus?

Answer 19

tarsocrural joint

Question 20

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 20

-fibrous
-cartilaginous
-synovial

Question 21

What are the characteristics of fibrous joints?

Answer 21

-fibrous connective tissue between bones
-designed for stability; no movement

Question 22

What are examples of fibrous joints?

Answer 22

-sutures between flat bones of skull
-gomphosis between tooth root and socket
-syndesmosis holding short bones together

Question 23

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 23

-symphysis
-synchondrosis

Question 24

What are the characteristics of symphysis joints?

Answer 24

-held together by fibrocartilage
-ossify with age

Question 25

What are examples of symphysis joints?

Answer 25

-mandibular symphysis
-pelvic symphysis
-intervertebral discs

Question 26

What are the characteristics of synchondrosis joints?

Answer 26

-held together by hyaline cartilage
-programmed to ossify

Question 27

What is an example of a synchondrosis joint?

Answer 27

physeal cartilage in long bones

Question 28

What is the purpose of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 28

-provide stability
-no movement

Question 29

What are the characteristics of synovial joints?

Answer 29

-designed for mobility
-no tissue joining bone to bone

Question 30

What are the parts of a synovial joint?

Answer 30

-articular cartilage (hyaline)
-fibrous portion of joint capsule
-synovial membrane of joint capsule
-joint cavity

Question 31

What other structures can exist within a synovial joint?

Answer 31

-fibrocartilaginous discs
-intra-articular ligaments
-extra-capsular ligaments