Lecture 3 - 8/28/23 Flashcards
What joints are between the proximal phalanges and the middle phalanges?
proximal Interphalangeal joints
What joints are between the middle phalanges and the distal phalanges?
distal Interphalangeal joints
What overarching category do the antebrachiocarpal, middle carpal, and carpometacarpal joints fall into?
carpal joint complex
What overarching category do the metacarpo-phalangeal, proximal Interphalangeal, and distal Interphalangeal joints fall into?
digital joints
How do the front limb and back limb differ in terms of attachment to the axial skeleton?
-back limb is attached through a joint
-front limb is attached via muscles; no joint
What region of the hind limb contains the ilium, ischium, and pubis (os coxa)?
hip
What region of the hind limb contains the femur?
thigh
What region of the limb contains the fibula and tibia?
leg/crus
What are the three divisions of the hind foot?
-tarsus
-metatarsus
-digits
What bone within the hind limb does not fit into one of the limb regions?
patella
What joint is in between the calcaneus and the talus bones?
talocalcaneal joint
What joint is in between the talus, calcaneus, and central tarsal bones?
talocalcaneo-central joint
What joint is between the calcaneus and the fourth tarsal bone?
calcaneo-quartal joint
What joint is between the central tarsal bone and the first through third tarsal bones?
centro-distal joint
What joints are between the tarsal bones and the metatarsal bones?
tarso-metatarsal joints
What joints are between the metatarsal bones and the phalanges?
metatarso-phalangeal joints
Which joints are the same between the front foot and back foot?
-proximal Interphalangeal joints
-distal Interphalangeal joints
Which joints have exceptions to the “extensor angle is larger than the flexor angle” rule?
-metacarpo-phalangeal joints
-metatarso-phalengeal joints
-distal Interphalangeal joints (front and back foot)
What is the name of the joint between the crus and the tarsus?
tarsocrural joint
What are the three types of joints?
-fibrous
-cartilaginous
-synovial
What are the characteristics of fibrous joints?
-fibrous connective tissue between bones
-designed for stability; no movement
What are examples of fibrous joints?
-sutures between flat bones of skull
-gomphosis between tooth root and socket
-syndesmosis holding short bones together
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
-symphysis
-synchondrosis
What are the characteristics of symphysis joints?
-held together by fibrocartilage
-ossify with age
What are examples of symphysis joints?
-mandibular symphysis
-pelvic symphysis
-intervertebral discs
What are the characteristics of synchondrosis joints?
-held together by hyaline cartilage
-programmed to ossify
What is an example of a synchondrosis joint?
physeal cartilage in long bones
What is the purpose of cartilaginous joints?
-provide stability
-no movement
What are the characteristics of synovial joints?
-designed for mobility
-no tissue joining bone to bone
What are the parts of a synovial joint?
-articular cartilage (hyaline)
-fibrous portion of joint capsule
-synovial membrane of joint capsule
-joint cavity
What other structures can exist within a synovial joint?
-fibrocartilaginous discs
-intra-articular ligaments
-extra-capsular ligaments
