Lecture 2 - 8/24/23

Question 1

What does it mean for something to be positioned dorsally?

Answer 1

towards the top of the dog; towards the spine

Question 2

What does it mean for something to be positioned ventrally?

Answer 2

towards the bottom of the dog; towards the belly

Question 3

What does it mean for something to be positioned cranially?

Answer 3

towards the head

Question 4

What does it mean for something to be positioned rostrally?

Answer 4

something on the head is towards the nose

Question 5

What does it mean for something to be positioned caudally?

Answer 5

towards the tail

Question 6

What does it mean for something to be positioned proximally?

Answer 6

towards the main body mass

Question 7

What does it mean for something to be positioned distally?

Answer 7

away from the main body mass

Question 8

What does it mean for something to be positioned medially?

Answer 8

towards the midline of the body

Question 9

What does it mean for something to be positioned laterally?

Answer 9

away from the midline of the body

Question 10

What are the directional terms associated with the front foot?

Answer 10

dorsal and palmar

Question 11

What are the directional terms associated with the back foot?

Answer 11

dorsal and plantar

Question 12

What is a dorsal plane?

Answer 12

a plane that divides the animal into top and bottom portions (not always equal)

Question 13

What is a transverse plane?

Answer 13

a plane that divides the animal into front and back portions (not always equal)

Question 14

What is a median plane?

Answer 14

a plane that divides the animal into equal left and right halves

Question 15

What is a sagittal plane?

Answer 15

a plane that divides the animal into unequal left and right portions

Question 16

What portion of the arm contains the humerus?

Answer 16

the brachium

Question 17

What portion of the arm contains the radius and ulna?

Answer 17

the antebrachium

Question 18

What are the divisions of the manus?

Answer 18

-carpus
-metacarpus
-digits

Question 19

What is the relationship between the coracoid process and the supraglenoid tubercle?

Answer 19

the coracoid process sits ON the supraglenoid tubercle

Question 20

What is the joint between the scapula and the humerus called?

Answer 20

humeral joint

Question 21

What is the joint between the humerus and the ulna called?

Answer 21

cubital joint

Question 22

What is the joint between the antebrachium bones (radius & ulna) and the carpus bones called?

Answer 22

antebrachiocarpal joint

Question 23

What is the joint between the the two rows of carpus bones called?

Answer 23

middle carpal joint

Question 24

What are the joints between the carpus bones and the metacarpus bones called?

Answer 24

carpometacarpal joints

Question 25

What are the joints between the metacarpus and the phalange bones called?

Answer 25

metacarpo-phalangeal joints

Question 26

Which joint in the front foot has its own joint capsule?

Answer 26

antebrachiocarpal joint

Question 27

Which joints in the front foot share a joint capsule?

Answer 27

middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joints

Question 28

Which joints cannot be accessed with a needle?

Answer 28

carpometacarpal joints

Question 29

Which joints can be accessed with a needle?

Answer 29

antebrachiocarpal joint and middle carpal joint

Question 30

Why is it important that the middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joints share a joint capsule?

Answer 30

since the carpometacarpal joints cannot be accessed via needle, injections that need to be done in these joints can instead be down in the middle carpal joint

Question 31

How many carpometacarpal joints is carpal bone #4 involved in?

Answer 31

2 joints

Question 32

What bone shape are all of the bones in the metacarpus and digits?

Answer 32

long bones

Question 33

When the front foot is flexed and extended, how do the carpus and metacarpus joints distribute the movement?

Answer 33

-90% of movement is at the antebrachiocarpal joint
-around 10% of movement is at the middle carpal joint
-little to no movement occurs in the carpometacarpal joints

Question 34

Where is the flexor angle for the antebrachial carpal, middle carpal, and carpometacarpal joints?

Answer 34

on the palmar surface of the front foot