Lecture 2 - 8/24/23 Flashcards
What does it mean for something to be positioned dorsally?
towards the top of the dog; towards the spine
What does it mean for something to be positioned ventrally?
towards the bottom of the dog; towards the belly
What does it mean for something to be positioned cranially?
towards the head
What does it mean for something to be positioned rostrally?
something on the head is towards the nose
What does it mean for something to be positioned caudally?
towards the tail
What does it mean for something to be positioned proximally?
towards the main body mass
What does it mean for something to be positioned distally?
away from the main body mass
What does it mean for something to be positioned medially?
towards the midline of the body
What does it mean for something to be positioned laterally?
away from the midline of the body
What are the directional terms associated with the front foot?
dorsal and palmar
What are the directional terms associated with the back foot?
dorsal and plantar
What is a dorsal plane?
a plane that divides the animal into top and bottom portions (not always equal)
What is a transverse plane?
a plane that divides the animal into front and back portions (not always equal)
What is a median plane?
a plane that divides the animal into equal left and right halves
What is a sagittal plane?
a plane that divides the animal into unequal left and right portions
What portion of the arm contains the humerus?
the brachium
What portion of the arm contains the radius and ulna?
the antebrachium
What are the divisions of the manus?
-carpus
-metacarpus
-digits
What is the relationship between the coracoid process and the supraglenoid tubercle?
the coracoid process sits ON the supraglenoid tubercle
What is the joint between the scapula and the humerus called?
humeral joint
What is the joint between the humerus and the ulna called?
cubital joint
What is the joint between the antebrachium bones (radius & ulna) and the carpus bones called?
antebrachiocarpal joint
What is the joint between the the two rows of carpus bones called?
middle carpal joint
What are the joints between the carpus bones and the metacarpus bones called?
carpometacarpal joints
What are the joints between the metacarpus and the phalange bones called?
metacarpo-phalangeal joints
Which joint in the front foot has its own joint capsule?
antebrachiocarpal joint
Which joints in the front foot share a joint capsule?
middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joints
Which joints cannot be accessed with a needle?
carpometacarpal joints
Which joints can be accessed with a needle?
antebrachiocarpal joint and middle carpal joint
Why is it important that the middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joints share a joint capsule?
since the carpometacarpal joints cannot be accessed via needle, injections that need to be done in these joints can instead be down in the middle carpal joint
How many carpometacarpal joints is carpal bone #4 involved in?
2 joints
What bone shape are all of the bones in the metacarpus and digits?
long bones
When the front foot is flexed and extended, how do the carpus and metacarpus joints distribute the movement?
-90% of movement is at the antebrachiocarpal joint
-around 10% of movement is at the middle carpal joint
-little to no movement occurs in the carpometacarpal joints
Where is the flexor angle for the antebrachial carpal, middle carpal, and carpometacarpal joints?
on the palmar surface of the front foot
