Lectures 3 & 4 Flashcards
-cytosis or -philia means what in relation to the amount of cells
ex: thrombocytosis
too many
-penia means what in relation to the amount of cells
ex: leukopenia
too few
what are myeloid cells
granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
Monocytes
Mast cells
what are lymphoid cells
-T cells
- B cells
- NK
what cell do all immune cells derive from
a common multipotent hematopoetic stem cell of embryologic origin
cell type?
bovine lymphocyte
cell type?
canine lymphocyte
what are the characteristics of lymphocytes
- large, round nucleus
- condensed chromatin = heterochromatin
- thin rim of cytoplasm
B-cells are involved in ______ immunity
T-cells are involved in _______ immunity
B-cell —> humoral immunity
T-cell —> cellular immunity
what is the origin / source of lymphocytes
yolk sac –> fetal liver —> BONE MARROW
What are the primary lymphoid organs
- Bursa of Fabricius
- Thymus
- Bone Marrow
- Peyer’s patches
what is the term for sites of lymphocyte development
primary lymphoid organs
what is the term for sites of lymphocyte activation
secondary lymphoid organs
what are the secondary lymphoid organs
- lymph nodes
- spleen
- bone marrow
- peyer’s patches / MALT
what is the Bursa of Fabricius
- consists of lymphocytes within epithelial tissue
—> antibody forming lymphocytes - most prominent in young birds
Where are Hassal’s corpuscles located
in the thymus
- they are squamous epithelium and produce cytokines
characteristics of the thymus
- encapsulated primary lymphoid organ
- located in Mediastinum
-lobulated
-outer cortex
-inner medulla
what makes up the outer cortex of the thymus
immature lymphocytes
- 95% fail to mature
what makes up the inner medulla of the thymus
mature lymphocytes which eventually travel to secondary organs via bloodstream
what is ‘thymic involution’
the shrinking of the thymus with age
where do the terms B cell and T cell come from?
B = Bursa
T = thymus
how are B and T cells further identified
- via their surface molecules = CD “clusters of differentiation”
T cells can be CD4+ (T-helper) or CD8 (T-cytotoxic)
what can CD4+ cells also be
CD25+ (T-regulatory) cells
primary site of hematopoesis in adults
bone marrow of flat bones
what is the site of B cell maturation in adult mammals
Bone marrow
- primary lymphoid organ
- mature B-cells travel to secondary lymphoid organs via the bloodstream
what is this
canine bone marrow
what are Peyer’s Patches
Mucosa associated Lymphoid Tissue
-MALT, GALT, BALT, CALT
-“common mucosal system”
-site of B-cell maturation in some species
-samples antigens
what are the 2 configurations of peyer’s patches
Group 1 and Group II
Group 1 = Large ileal peyer’s patches. Primary Lymphoid organ. Regresses at one year
Group II = small patches, secondary lymphoid organ. Involved in the defense of the intestinal tract and control of microbiota
what are these
peyer’s patches
pancytopenia
decrease in all 3 blood cell types
indicates issue with bone marrow
what is the cortex of lymph nodes comprised of
primary follicles = B-cells
–>germinal center forms upon antigen stimulation
what is the paracortex of lymph nodes composed of
T cells
what is the medulla of the cortex composed of
plasma cells
the arterial and venous supply of lymph nodes contain what
High endothelial venules
what is this
germinal center in cortex of a lymph node
forms upon antigen stimulation
what is the white pulp of the spleen made of
- lymphoid tissue
- follicles (B cells)
- periarteriolar lymphoid shealth (T-cells)
what is the red pulp of the spleen made of
blood
what is the spleen a major site of
antibody production
extravasation
process by which leukocyte exits a vessel
-teathering
-triggering
-latching
-diapedesis
cell type?
monocyte, canine
cell type?
monocyte, feline
characteristics of monocytes
- are only in circulation briefly (migrate to tissues where they differentiate into macrophages)
-may increase during stress response
main functions of macrophages
- phagocytosis
-antigen presentation
species and cell type?
neutrophil, canine
characteristics of neutrophils
- aka Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells
- immature cells = bands
-very short lifespan
-interleukin 8
-many effector mechanisms
-front line innate immune cells
cell type?
eosinophil, equine
cell type?
eosinophil, canine
what granules do eosinophils contain
- major basic protein
- eosinophil peroxidase
- eosinophil cationic protein
- eosinophil derived neurotoxin
what cell type is Interleukin 5, eotaxin associated wtih
eosinophils
what cell type releases histamin
mast cells
what cell type is not commonly found in blood but rather tissues
mast cells
what is this
mast cell
cell type?
basophil, equine
cell type?
basophil, canine
what cell has an effector function of degranulation
basophils
what cell has a role in allergic reactions
basophils
what cells are specialized antigen presenting cells found in lymphoid organs or epithelia that initiate adaptive immune responses
dendritic cells
what are the two main immune cell lineages
lymphoid and myeloid
cell type?
monocytes
cell type
neutrophils
cell type
eosinophils
