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IMMUNOLOGY > Lectures 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Lectures 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

-cytosis or -philia means what in relation to the amount of cells

ex: thrombocytosis

A

too many

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2
Q

-penia means what in relation to the amount of cells

ex: leukopenia

A

too few

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3
Q

what are myeloid cells

A

granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)

Monocytes

Mast cells

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4
Q

what are lymphoid cells

A

-T cells
- B cells
- NK

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5
Q

what cell do all immune cells derive from

A

a common multipotent hematopoetic stem cell of embryologic origin

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6
Q

cell type?

A

bovine lymphocyte

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7
Q

cell type?

A

canine lymphocyte

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of lymphocytes

A
  • large, round nucleus
  • condensed chromatin = heterochromatin
  • thin rim of cytoplasm
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9
Q

B-cells are involved in ______ immunity

T-cells are involved in _______ immunity

A

B-cell —> humoral immunity
T-cell —> cellular immunity

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10
Q

what is the origin / source of lymphocytes

A

yolk sac –> fetal liver —> BONE MARROW

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11
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs

A
  • Bursa of Fabricius
  • Thymus
  • Bone Marrow
  • Peyer’s patches
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12
Q

what is the term for sites of lymphocyte development

A

primary lymphoid organs

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13
Q

what is the term for sites of lymphocyte activation

A

secondary lymphoid organs

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14
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

A
  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • bone marrow
  • peyer’s patches / MALT
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15
Q

what is the Bursa of Fabricius

A
  • consists of lymphocytes within epithelial tissue
    —> antibody forming lymphocytes
  • most prominent in young birds
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16
Q

Where are Hassal’s corpuscles located

A

in the thymus

  • they are squamous epithelium and produce cytokines
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17
Q

characteristics of the thymus

A
  • encapsulated primary lymphoid organ
  • located in Mediastinum
    -lobulated
    -outer cortex
    -inner medulla
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18
Q

what makes up the outer cortex of the thymus

A

immature lymphocytes
- 95% fail to mature

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19
Q

what makes up the inner medulla of the thymus

A

mature lymphocytes which eventually travel to secondary organs via bloodstream

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20
Q

what is ‘thymic involution’

A

the shrinking of the thymus with age

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21
Q

where do the terms B cell and T cell come from?

A

B = Bursa
T = thymus

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22
Q

how are B and T cells further identified

A
  • via their surface molecules = CD “clusters of differentiation”

T cells can be CD4+ (T-helper) or CD8 (T-cytotoxic)

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23
Q

what can CD4+ cells also be

A

CD25+ (T-regulatory) cells

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24
Q

primary site of hematopoesis in adults

A

bone marrow of flat bones

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25
Q

what is the site of B cell maturation in adult mammals

A

Bone marrow
- primary lymphoid organ
- mature B-cells travel to secondary lymphoid organs via the bloodstream

26
Q

what is this

A

canine bone marrow

27
Q

what are Peyer’s Patches

A

Mucosa associated Lymphoid Tissue
-MALT, GALT, BALT, CALT

-“common mucosal system”
-site of B-cell maturation in some species
-samples antigens

28
Q

what are the 2 configurations of peyer’s patches

A

Group 1 and Group II

Group 1 = Large ileal peyer’s patches. Primary Lymphoid organ. Regresses at one year

Group II = small patches, secondary lymphoid organ. Involved in the defense of the intestinal tract and control of microbiota

29
Q

what are these

A

peyer’s patches

30
Q

pancytopenia

A

decrease in all 3 blood cell types
indicates issue with bone marrow

31
Q

what is the cortex of lymph nodes comprised of

A

primary follicles = B-cells
–>germinal center forms upon antigen stimulation

32
Q

what is the paracortex of lymph nodes composed of

A

T cells

33
Q

what is the medulla of the cortex composed of

A

plasma cells

34
Q

the arterial and venous supply of lymph nodes contain what

A

High endothelial venules

35
Q

what is this

A

germinal center in cortex of a lymph node

forms upon antigen stimulation

36
Q

what is the white pulp of the spleen made of

A
  • lymphoid tissue
  • follicles (B cells)
  • periarteriolar lymphoid shealth (T-cells)
37
Q

what is the red pulp of the spleen made of

A

blood

38
Q

what is the spleen a major site of

A

antibody production

39
Q

extravasation

A

process by which leukocyte exits a vessel

-teathering
-triggering
-latching
-diapedesis

40
Q

cell type?

A

monocyte, canine

41
Q

cell type?

A

monocyte, feline

42
Q

characteristics of monocytes

A
  • are only in circulation briefly (migrate to tissues where they differentiate into macrophages)

-may increase during stress response

43
Q

main functions of macrophages

A
  • phagocytosis
    -antigen presentation
44
Q

species and cell type?

A

neutrophil, canine

45
Q

characteristics of neutrophils

A
  • aka Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells
  • immature cells = bands
    -very short lifespan
    -interleukin 8
    -many effector mechanisms
    -front line innate immune cells
46
Q

cell type?

A

eosinophil, equine

47
Q

cell type?

A

eosinophil, canine

48
Q

what granules do eosinophils contain

A
  • major basic protein
  • eosinophil peroxidase
  • eosinophil cationic protein
  • eosinophil derived neurotoxin
49
Q

what cell type is Interleukin 5, eotaxin associated wtih

A

eosinophils

50
Q

what cell type releases histamin

A

mast cells

51
Q

what cell type is not commonly found in blood but rather tissues

A

mast cells

52
Q

what is this

A

mast cell

53
Q

cell type?

A

basophil, equine

54
Q

cell type?

A

basophil, canine

55
Q

what cell has an effector function of degranulation

A

basophils

56
Q

what cell has a role in allergic reactions

A

basophils

57
Q

what cells are specialized antigen presenting cells found in lymphoid organs or epithelia that initiate adaptive immune responses

A

dendritic cells

58
Q

what are the two main immune cell lineages

A

lymphoid and myeloid

59
Q

cell type?

A

monocytes

60
Q

cell type

A

neutrophils

61
Q

cell type

A

eosinophils

62
Q
A

IMMUNOLOGY (26 decks)

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