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IMMUNOLOGY > Lectures 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Lectures 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

-cytosis or -philia means what in relation to the amount of cells

ex: thrombocytosis

A

too many

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2
Q

-penia means what in relation to the amount of cells

ex: leukopenia

A

too few

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3
Q

what are myeloid cells

A

granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)

Monocytes

Mast cells

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4
Q

what are lymphoid cells

A

-T cells
- B cells
- NK

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5
Q

what cell do all immune cells derive from

A

a common multipotent hematopoetic stem cell of embryologic origin

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6
Q

cell type?

A

bovine lymphocyte

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7
Q

cell type?

A

canine lymphocyte

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of lymphocytes

A
  • large, round nucleus
  • condensed chromatin = heterochromatin
  • thin rim of cytoplasm
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9
Q

B-cells are involved in ______ immunity

T-cells are involved in _______ immunity

A

B-cell —> humoral immunity
T-cell —> cellular immunity

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10
Q

what is the origin / source of lymphocytes

A

yolk sac –> fetal liver —> BONE MARROW

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11
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs

A
  • Bursa of Fabricius
  • Thymus
  • Bone Marrow
  • Peyer’s patches
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12
Q

what is the term for sites of lymphocyte development

A

primary lymphoid organs

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13
Q

what is the term for sites of lymphocyte activation

A

secondary lymphoid organs

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14
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

A
  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • bone marrow
  • peyer’s patches / MALT
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15
Q

what is the Bursa of Fabricius

A
  • consists of lymphocytes within epithelial tissue
    —> antibody forming lymphocytes
  • most prominent in young birds
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16
Q

Where are Hassal’s corpuscles located

A

in the thymus

  • they are squamous epithelium and produce cytokines
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17
Q

characteristics of the thymus

A
  • encapsulated primary lymphoid organ
  • located in Mediastinum
    -lobulated
    -outer cortex
    -inner medulla
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18
Q

what makes up the outer cortex of the thymus

A

immature lymphocytes
- 95% fail to mature

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19
Q

what makes up the inner medulla of the thymus

A

mature lymphocytes which eventually travel to secondary organs via bloodstream

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20
Q

what is ‘thymic involution’

A

the shrinking of the thymus with age

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21
Q

where do the terms B cell and T cell come from?

A

B = Bursa
T = thymus

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22
Q

how are B and T cells further identified

A
  • via their surface molecules = CD “clusters of differentiation”

T cells can be CD4+ (T-helper) or CD8 (T-cytotoxic)

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23
Q

what can CD4+ cells also be

A

CD25+ (T-regulatory) cells

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24
Q

primary site of hematopoesis in adults

A

bone marrow of flat bones

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25
what is the site of B cell maturation in adult mammals
Bone marrow - primary lymphoid organ - mature B-cells travel to secondary lymphoid organs via the bloodstream
26
what is this
canine bone marrow
27
what are Peyer's Patches
Mucosa associated Lymphoid Tissue -MALT, GALT, BALT, CALT -"common mucosal system" -site of B-cell maturation in some species -samples antigens
28
what are the 2 configurations of peyer's patches
Group 1 and Group II Group 1 = Large ileal peyer's patches. Primary Lymphoid organ. Regresses at one year Group II = small patches, secondary lymphoid organ. Involved in the defense of the intestinal tract and control of microbiota
29
what are these
peyer's patches
30
pancytopenia
decrease in all 3 blood cell types indicates issue with bone marrow
31
what is the cortex of lymph nodes comprised of
primary follicles = B-cells -->germinal center forms upon antigen stimulation
32
what is the paracortex of lymph nodes composed of
T cells
33
what is the medulla of the cortex composed of
plasma cells
34
the arterial and venous supply of lymph nodes contain what
High endothelial venules
35
what is this
germinal center in cortex of a lymph node | forms upon antigen stimulation
36
what is the white pulp of the spleen made of
- lymphoid tissue - follicles (B cells) - periarteriolar lymphoid shealth (T-cells)
37
what is the red pulp of the spleen made of
blood
38
what is the spleen a major site of
antibody production
39
extravasation
process by which leukocyte exits a vessel -teathering -triggering -latching -diapedesis
40
cell type?
monocyte, canine
41
cell type?
monocyte, feline
42
characteristics of monocytes
- are only in circulation briefly (migrate to tissues where they differentiate into macrophages) -may increase during stress response
43
main functions of macrophages
- phagocytosis -antigen presentation
44
species and cell type?
neutrophil, canine
45
characteristics of neutrophils
- aka Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells - immature cells = bands -very short lifespan -interleukin 8 -many effector mechanisms -front line innate immune cells
46
cell type?
eosinophil, equine
47
cell type?
eosinophil, canine
48
what granules do eosinophils contain
- major basic protein - eosinophil peroxidase - eosinophil cationic protein - eosinophil derived neurotoxin
49
what cell type is Interleukin 5, eotaxin associated wtih
eosinophils
50
what cell type releases histamin
mast cells
51
what cell type is not commonly found in blood but rather tissues
mast cells
52
what is this
mast cell
53
cell type?
basophil, equine
54
cell type?
basophil, canine
55
what cell has an effector function of degranulation
basophils
56
what cell has a role in allergic reactions
basophils
57
what cells are specialized antigen presenting cells found in lymphoid organs or epithelia that initiate adaptive immune responses
dendritic cells
58
what are the two main immune cell lineages
lymphoid and myeloid
59
cell type?
monocytes
60
cell type
neutrophils
61
cell type
eosinophils
62

IMMUNOLOGY (26 decks)

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