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IMMUNOLOGY > Lecture 26: Transplantation and Transfusions > Flashcards

Lecture 26: Transplantation and Transfusions Flashcards

1
Q

______polymorphism is the reason why organisms can respond to many antigens but also the reason why it can be hard to find a suitable donor

A

MHC

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2
Q

MHC class ____ is found on all nucleated cells & presents endogeonous antigens to CD8 Tcells

A

MHC Class I

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3
Q

MHC class ____ are found on APCs and present exogenous antigens to CD4 T cells

A

MHC Class II

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4
Q

MHC class _____ are associated w/ complement proteins and other genes

A

class III

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5
Q

transplantation of tissue b/w sites WITHIN one individual

A

Autograft
skin graft to cover a wound
no rejection

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6
Q

transplantation of itssue from a genetically identical individual

A

Isograft
organ transplant from identical twin

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7
Q

transplant of tissue from a member of the same species

A

Allograft
typically organ transplant b/w genetically distinct individuals
rejection within 1-2 weeks

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8
Q

Xenograft

A

transplant of tissue from member of diff species
rejection within hours
ethical concerns
pathogen transfer

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9
Q

without _____, all grafts except autographs will eventually be destroyed

A

immunosuppression

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10
Q

characteristics of transplant rejection

A
  • immune responses against donor MHC
  • involved cellular and humoral components
  • loss of transplanted organ
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11
Q

donated tissues contain” _____” leukocytes

A

passenger
may migrate out of tissue

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12
Q

hyperactue rejection occurs within______hours

A

48

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13
Q

accelerated rejection occurs in up to _____days

A

7

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14
Q

acute rejection occurs after _____ days

A

7

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15
Q

chronic rejection occurs after…

A

several months up to years

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16
Q

in acute rejection, MHC incompatability triggers

A

T recc response

17
Q

in acute rejection, RBC antigen incompatability triggers

A

Antibody response

18
Q

Pathophysiology of acute rejections

A
  • MHC and RBC antigen incompatability
  • cytotoxic T cell infiltration
  • Damage to endothelial cells
  • thrombosis of vessels
  • loss of blood supply to organ
  • can be exacerbated by surgical trauma
19
Q

in acute rejection, DC cells present antigen to Th1 cells which then secrete ______ and activate_______

A

secrete IL-2 & INF-y
activate cytotoxic T cells and NK cells

20
Q

Cytotoxic T cells respond to

A

foreign proteins

21
Q

NK cells produce ____and _____

A

INFy and TNF-a
TNF-a activates effector cells (macs,NKs)

22
Q

blood group antigens stimulate ______cells causing antibody production…“natural” antibodies can cause hyperacute rxn

A

Th2

23
Q

what are the 2 pathways of rejection

A

Direct pathway (occurs early/accute)
Indirect pathway (occurs later/chronic)

24
Q

Direct pathway rejection

A
  • recipient T cells enter graft and respond to foregin MHC on donor cells
  • T cells attack graft vascular endothelium
  • vessel destruction + thrombosis
25
Q

indirect pathway rejection

A
  • processing of graft antigens by host DCs
  • generation of cytotoxic T cells
  • NK cells contribute
26
Q

what are the immune privileged sites

A

eyes, thymus, testes, brain

27
Q

how is inflammation controlled in immune priviledged sites

A
  • BBB, impermeable tissue
  • no DCs
  • low MHC expression
  • immunosuppressive molecules (IDO, TGF-B, neuropeptides, complement inhibitors, CD95L)
28
Q

In graft vs host disease (GVHD) cells from the graft attack the _____

A

host

29
Q

effects of MHC class I mediated GVHD

A
  • bone marrow destruction
  • mucosal destruction
  • liver dz
  • TH1 cytokines
30
Q

effects of MHC class II mediated GVHD

A
  • autoantibodies (lupus like syndrome)
  • treatment w/ Anti IL-4 antibody
31
Q

dog erythrocyte antigen _____ is most antigenic

A

1 (DEA 1)
includes 1.1, 1.2 +/- subtypes

32
Q

“universal” canine donor

A

negative for DEAs 1.1, 1.2, 3,5,7
positive for DEA 4

33
Q

Blood antigens ___ and ____ are most antigenic in horses

A

Aa and Qa
QH or standardbred gelding are most likely to be Aa-Qa
gelding of same breed as patient is next best option

34
Q

what is a major cross match

A

serum from recipient, RBCs from donor

35
Q

what is a minor cross match

A

RBCs from recipient, serum from donor

36
Q

what is equine neonatal isoerythrolysis

A

mare of foal has antibodies to paternal RBC antigens that get passed to foal in colostrum, causing hemolytic disease in foal

  • very common in mule foals
  • can be tested for pre-partum
  • prevent foal from nuring for 24 hrs, strip colotrium or provide alternative colostrum
37
Q

examples of immunosuppressive molecules found in immune privileged sites

A

IDO
TGF-B
neuropeptides
complement inhibitors
CD95L

IMMUNOLOGY (26 decks)

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