Lecture 6: Immunoglobulins

Question 1

what makes antibodies and B cell receptors

Answer 1

B cells

Question 2

BCRs are membrane bound versions of ?

Answer 2

antibodies

Question 3

antibody structure

Answer 3

Y shape
composed of 4 peptide chains joined by disulfide bonds
- 2 identical heavy chains
- 2 identical light chains
- each chain has variable and constant regions

Question 4

what amino acid sequences are the constant region of the light chains encoded by

Answer 4

Kappa (60%) and Lambda (40%)

Question 5

how do B-cell lymphomas present on light chains

Answer 5

marked by increased frequency in one type of light chain

Question 6

What is an epitope?

Answer 6

the sequence or region of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system

Question 7

what are the 5 classes of antibodies? (based on the constant region of heavy chain)

Answer 7

Immunoglobulin M - IgM
IgD
IgG
IgA
IgE

(there are subclasses within groups ex: IgG1, IgG2, IgA1, etc)

Question 8

What are hypervariable regions within an antigen

Answer 8

regions of extensive variability in amino acid sequence that determines antibody specificity

Question 9

do all species have all classes of antibodies ?

Answer 9

naur

Question 10

Different heavy chain ______ define antibody class

Answer 10

isotopes

Question 11

what element of an antibody determines its class

Answer 11

heavy chain

Question 12

what differences exist in antibody structures

Answer 12

• the location of disulfide bonds
• different carbohydrates are linked

Question 13

what is the first class of antibodies produced by B cells after their activation

Answer 13

IgM

Question 14

what is the most abundant class of antibody

Answer 14

IgG

Question 15

how many isotopes does IgG have and how do they differ?

Answer 15

Four (IgG1-4)
they differ based on the structure of their hinge

Question 16

what class of antibodies can be found in blood and tissue during the immune response?

Answer 16

IgG

Question 17

what does IgG interact with to activate complement?

Answer 17

C1
*IgG4 does NOT activate complement

Question 18

what is the only class of antibodies that transfers across the placenta?

Answer 18

IgG
*IgG1 is best

Question 19

what is opsonization

Answer 19

the process of targeting pathogens for destruction by phagocytes

Question 20

what cell types are involved in mobilizing cells to the site of infection

Answer 20

Mast cells and basophils

Question 21

what is the effect of the activation of Mast cells and Basophils

Answer 21

the release of granules including histamine