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IMMUNOLOGY > Lecture 29: Neonatal Immunity & Immunosenescence > Flashcards

Lecture 29: Neonatal Immunity & Immunosenescence Flashcards

1
Q

occurs in aging animals, refers to a gradual deterioration of the function of the immune system

A

Immunosenescence

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2
Q

when do pigs get NK cells

A

not until they are several weeks old

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3
Q

when can eggs be vaccinated

A

18 days
- Marek’s disease
- Newcastle disease
- Coccidiosis

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4
Q

at what time in gestation are calves able to distinguish self from non-self

A

73 days - Rotavirus
93 days - Parvovirus
120 days -parainfluenza

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5
Q

at what time in gestation are foals able to demonstrate cell-mediated response

A

79 days

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6
Q

at what time in gestation does VDJ rearrangement occur in pigs

A

30 days

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7
Q

fetal puppies can reject allografts at ____ days

A

45

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8
Q

intrauterine injection of antigen into puppy fetus before ___ days can induce tolerance

A

42 days

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9
Q

opossums are completely reliant on passive immunity until they are how old

A

7 days

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10
Q

infection of fetal calf with BVD between ____-_____days causes tolerance and persistent infection

A

50-120 days
shedding virus

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11
Q

infection of cow with BVD up to _____days causes abortion

A

50

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12
Q

two forms of BVD

A

cytopathic
non-cytopathic *can cause persistent infection

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13
Q

when does mucosal disease occur

A

when a persistently infected animal (non-cytopathic) gets infected w/ cytopathic BVD virus

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14
Q

cytopathic BVD infection causes what in fetal calves

A

congenital abnormalities

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15
Q

neonatal immune responses are more often …

A

Th2

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16
Q

immunization through the passive transfer of specific antibody from an immunized individual to a non-immunized individual

A

Passive Immunization

17
Q

transfer of immunity by the transfer of immune cells from one individual to another

A

adoptive transfer

18
Q

active immunization

A

immunization by direct administration of an antigen (Vaccine)

19
Q

in an epitheliochorial placenta, how many layers separate maternal and fetal blood

A

6

20
Q

in species with epitheliochorial placenta (pigs, horses), is there any prepartum IgG transfers to foal

A

no, IgG comes from colostrum

21
Q

in domestic species, ___ makes up 65-90% of antibody content

A

IgG
also IgA, IgM, IgE

22
Q

in primates, what antibody is predominate in colostrum and milk

A

IgA

23
Q

in pigs and horses, what antibody predominates in colostrum and what in milk

A

antibody - IgG
milk - IgA

24
Q

in ruminants, what antibody predominates in colostrum and milk

A

IgG

25
Q

does colostrum contain lymphocytes

A

Yes

26
Q

how are colostrum antibodies absorbed

A

bind FcRn receptors in specialized intestinal epithelial cells, uptaken by endocytosis and delivered to blood

27
Q

in pigs and horses, selective absorption of antibodies from colostrum occurs….

A

IgA remains at epithelium

28
Q

Causes of failure of passive transfer

A
  • poor quality colostrum
  • failure of neonate to ingest or absorb colostrum
  • IgG levels should be tested in foals and calves
29
Q

how to treat the failure of passive transfer

A

banked colostrum
plasma transfusion

30
Q

puppies can first be vaccinated around ______ weeks old, when maternal antibodies are least likely to interfere

A

6-9 weeks

31
Q

foals can first be vaccinated around ___ months old, when maternal antibodies are least likely to interfere

A

4-5 months

32
Q

T/F: neonate endogenous antibodies increase as the maternal antibodies wane

A

T

33
Q

immunosuppression is due to disease whereas immunosenescence is the result of…

A

age. all components of immune system wane in effectiveness w/ age

34
Q

changes that occur within both neutrophils and macrophages w/ age

A

decreased ability for respiratory burst
decreased ability to destroy phagocytized bacteria

35
Q

what changes occur to macrophages w/ aging

A
  • decrease in #
  • decreased TLR expression
  • decreased production of IL-6, TNF-alpha
  • reduced response by IFN-y
36
Q

what changes occur to dendritic cells w/ aging

A

less effective antigen presentation
decreased ability to stimulate B cells

37
Q

what changes occur to NK cells w/ aging

A

decreased ability to destroy tumor cells

38
Q

what changes occur to lymphocyte cells w/ aging

A

changes in CD4/CD8 ratio, usually decreased CD8

39
Q

what changes occur to antibodies w/ aging

A
  • affinity may decline

IMMUNOLOGY (26 decks)

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