Lecture17: Menopause

Question 1

The first early Manifestation of menopause is Vasomotor, what is that?

Answer 1

Hot flushes felt at night

Question 2

What causes the Hot Flushes?

Answer 2

Estrogen affects the thermoregukatory nucleus of the hypothalamus

Question 3

What are the genito-urinary manifestations of menopause?

Answer 3

Painful sex, vaginal secretions, easy to contact UTIs

Question 4

What are the Psychological manifestations of menopause?

Answer 4

Decreased sex drive leads to mood swings and depression

Question 5

Long term consequences are?

Answer 5

Osteoporosis, heart disease

Question 6

What does menopause cause Ischemic heart disease?

Answer 6

Oestrogen, which is cardio protective, is now gone

Question 7

If the signs are still early, what do we prescribe to fix menopause?

Answer 7

HRT, hormone replacement therapy duh

Question 8

If menopause is long term, what do we do?

Answer 8

Only osteoporosis can be fixed, thus we give SERMS

Question 9

How long do we do HRT?

Answer 9

2 years only

Question 10

What is Combined HRT?

Answer 10

We combine Estradiol with low dose Progestin, only if the uterus is intact

Question 11

If the uterus isn’t intact, what do we prescribe?

Answer 11

Single HRT, which is basically only Estradiol

Question 12

What are the risks of HRT?

Answer 12

Breast cancer, endometrial cancer, DVT

Question 13

What are lifestyle changes to manage menopause?

Answer 13

A good diet and exercise, good diet with calcium ofc treats menopause

Question 14

For the resultant Sexual dysfunction, what do we do?

Answer 14

Use lubes to keep the pussy wet

Question 15

What is Osteoporosis?

Answer 15

Disturbed bone remodeling

Question 16

When bone resorption is more than bone formation what happens?

Answer 16

Osteoporosis

Question 17

A low RANKL/OPG ratio leads to?

Answer 17

Bone Formation

Question 18

A high RANKL/OPG ratio leads to?

Answer 18

Bone Resorption