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Bio > lecture week 1/homework 1 > Flashcards

lecture week 1/homework 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the major difficulty in defining life?

A

Living and nonliving systems are likely to share characteristics.

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2
Q

The general feature of life known as reproduction includes

A

heredity and variation

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3
Q

What makes the molecules that characterize living things unique to living things?
1. Chemical bonds present
2. Atoms present
3. Large size
4. Complex structure

A

large size, complex structure

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4
Q

Heredity, variation, and organic evolution guide the study of
______ from the simplest forms to the most complex.

A

life, biology, or organisms

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5
Q

Possessing an ability to conduct basic functions such as reproduction, _____ are considered to be the smallest units of the biological hierarchy.

A

cells

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6
Q

name hierarchical organization in ascending order

A

macromolecules, cells, organisms, populations, species

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7
Q

While only living things reproduce, it is possible for material that could never have been considered living to
1. metabolize
2. contain DNA
3. replicate

A

replicate

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8
Q

What are the defining features of living systems?

A

chemical uniqueness
complexity
hierarchical organization
reproduction (heredity and variation)
genetic program
metabolism
development
environmental interaction
movement

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9
Q

Living systems assemble large, complex molecules known as

A

macromolecules; biomolecules

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10
Q

true or false
Living systems can be distinguished from non-living systems by their patterns of complex organization at both the chemical and cellular level.

A

true

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11
Q

The basic unit of living systems is the

A

cell

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12
Q

What is the major difficulty in defining life?
1. Living and nonliving systems are likely to share characteristics.

  1. It is impossible to find characteristics that all living things share.
  2. Not all living things are capable of evolution.
A

1

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13
Q

New characteristics in a biological hierarchy are influenced by
1. properties of lower level components.

  1. properties of higher level components.
  2. properties of both lower an higher level components.
A

1

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14
Q

What makes the molecules that characterize living things unique to living things?

Large size

Complex structure

Chemical bonds present

Atoms present

A

complex structure

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15
Q

Living things are have an organization that can be subdivided into levels. This is known as a complex ______ organization.

A

hierarchical

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16
Q

Although nonliving material, such as chemicals that form crystalline structures, can replicate itself, only living things can _____

A

reproduce

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17
Q

Which of the following do cells represent?
1. The basic units of living systems.

  1. Completely autonomous structures.
  2. The smallest living component for which replication occurs.
A

1 and 3

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18
Q

When new characteristics arise at a level of the biological hierarchy, they are known as ______ properties.

A

emergent properties

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of the genetic program of living things?

A

The code provides fidelity of inheritance.

It encodes protein structure.

It encodes the structures necessary for functioning.

It encodes the structures necessary for development.

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20
Q

The amino acids that make up protein structure are specified by the order of bases in DNA. This relationship is known as the _____

A

genetic code

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21
Q

Life does not arise spontaneously, but comes from previous life. This process is known as

A

reproduction or biogenesis

22
Q

The digestion of the food particle by an amoeba constitutes the characteristic of life known as

A

metabolism

23
Q

The study of metabolic functions is called

A

physiology

24
Q

true or false
Only complex organisms show development and differentiation.

A

false

25
Q

For most living things,
_____ stores genetic information

A

DNA

26
Q

The egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages of an insect illustrate the existence of this process.

A

metamorphosis

27
Q

Cellular respiration is an example of this property of life.

A

metabolism

28
Q

Physiology includes the study of

A

organs.

organ systems.

tissues.

29
Q

The passage of an individual through different stages of the life cycle is the property of life that is known as

A

development

29
Q

The study of organismal interaction with an environment is called

A

ecology

30
Q

The transformation from one life stage to another is a developmental process known as

A

metamorphosis

31
Q

All living organisms are subject to the basic natural laws of

A

physics and chemistry

32
Q

Which are examples of eukaryotes?

A

Animals

Plants

Fungi

33
Q

Requiring the generation of multiple, working hypotheses or predictions to a question that is asked is the _________ _________ method, or scientific method.

A

hypothetic deductive method

34
Q

Living things are governed by the laws that govern energy and its transformations, which are known as laws of

A

thermodynamics

35
Q

The goal of testing hypotheses of proximate causes is to test

A

mechanistic explanations

36
Q

Eukaryotes are defined by the possession of a membrane-bound

A

nucleus

37
Q

Which are essential characteristics of science?

Its conclusions are permanent.

It is testable.

It is explanatory.

It is falsifiable.

It is guided by human laws.

A

it is testable

it is explanatory

it is falsifiable

38
Q

Darwin’s theory of __________ and the
_________ theory of inheritance are the major factors that guide zoology today.

A

evolution

chromosomal

39
Q

the scientific method is also called

A

the hypothetico-deductive method

40
Q

Who recorded his theory of natural selection in the book On the Origin of Species?

A

charles darwin

41
Q

Hypotheses of proximate causes are investigated using the

A

experimental method

42
Q

what are the theories included in Darwinism?

A
  1. perpetual change
  2. common descent
  3. multiplication of species
  4. gradualism
  5. natural selection
43
Q

Which two are the major paradigms that guide current zoological research?

A

Theory of evolution

Chromosomal theory of inheritance

44
Q

Articulated in his book titled On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, ________ _________’s theory of natural selection is paramount to biology.

A

charles darwin

45
Q

define embryology

A

study of embryos & their development
(embryo - initial stage of development in an animal cell)

46
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg cell as a result of the union of a female gamete (egg or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)

47
Q

gametogenesis

A

production of egg or sperm cells

48
Q

blastopore

A

the opening by which the cavity of the gastrula, an embryonic stage in animal development, communicates with the exterior

49
Q

archenteron

A

hollow tube created by the arrangement of invaginated cells in the gastrula; embryonic precursor to the gut

50
Q

organogenesis

A

differentiation of organ tissues

Bio (19 decks)

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