Bio lab exam 2 - study guide Flashcards
Protist
Euglena
Volvox
Amoeba
Paramecium
define autotrophic
an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.
define heterotrophic
an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.
Euglena feeding
Protist
autotrophic & heterotrophic
Euglena reproduction
Protist
asexually, binary fission, some through conjugation (but this is sexual and unfavorable)
Volvox feeding
Protist
autotrophic
volvox reproduction
Protist
asexually - produces daughter colonies
sexually - forms zygotes that develop into new colonies
amoeba - feeding
Protist
heterotrophic
amoeba - reproduction
Protist
asexually, binary fission (some can through conjugation, sexually)
paramecium - feeding
Protist
heterotrophic
paramecium - reproduction
Protist
asexually, binary fission (sexually through conjugation - two individuals swap genetic material)
locomotion of euglena
Protist
flagella
locomotion of volvox
Protist
flagella
locomotion of amoeba
Protist
pseudopodia
locomotion of paramecium
Protist
cilia
what is a daughter colony
Protist
a newly formed colony in volvox resulting from the reproductive cells known as gonidia
what is a tsetse fly
Protist
scientifically known as Glossina, it’s a large, biting fly found in Africa. Most notably known for carrying and transmitting African Sleeping Sickness
What’s African Sleeping Disease
Protist
Also known as African Trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease transmitted to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flys. 2 main forms (1 showing symptoms faster (weeks) is deadlier - rhodesiense, 2 shows symptoms slower (months) is easier to treat - gambiense)
what is osmoregulation and what organelle is responsible
Protist
the process by which organisms regulate the concentration of solutes and water in their bodies or cells to maintain internal osmotic balance, CONTRACTILE VACUOLE (CV)
what is a stigma
Protist
also known as an eyespot, they help in photoreception (detects light) and cause phototaxis (towards or away from a stimulus of light)
difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Protist
eukaroyotic contain nucleus and are generally more complex (tissue forming) than prokaryotic cells that don’t contain a nucleus
what is a symbiotic relationship
Protist
a close and long term interaction between two different species, where at least one of them benefits from the relationship
- mutualism
- commensalism
- paratism
what are the 3 kinds of symbiotic relationships and what do they mean
Protist
MUTUALISM - both species benefit
COMMENSALISM - one species benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor helped
PARATISM - one species benefits at the expense of the other
what is phagocytoces
Protist
A form of cellular eating of things such as bacteria, dead cells, cellular debris, etc (vital for the immune system)
define species diversity
the variety and abundance of different species at a given geographical location
what is conservation biology
the study of conservation of nature and Earth’s biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems
what biodiversity
the variety of life in the world, or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
what’s the species richness
the number of different species of any given area
what species eveneness
describes the commonness or rarity of a species; requires knowing the abundance of each species compared to other species in the communitiy
what are the differing classes of Phylum Porifera (sponges)
Phylum Porifera
- Calcarea
- Hexactinellida
- Demospongiae
what’s Euplectella
Phylum Porifera
also known as the venus flower basket, it’s a well known genus of hexactinellid sponges
Define sessile
Phylum Porifera
a term in biology to describe an organism that is permanently attached to a substrate and doesn’t have the ability to move from place to place
what is coelom
Phylum Porifera
a fluid filled body cavity of an animal that contains the internal organs, provides support, protection, & organ function
what species belongs to Phylum Porifera (sponge) class calcerea
Phylum Porifera
Sycon
Leucosolenia
what species belongs to Phylum Porifera (sponge) class hexactinellida
Phylum Porifera
Euplectella
Hyalonema
what species belongs to Phylum Porifera (sponge) class demospongiae
Phylum Porifera
Spongilla
Cliona
what are Phylum Porifera (sponge) cell types
Phylum Porifera
choanocytes
amoebocytes
pinacocytes
porocytes
function of choanocytes
Phylum Porifera
a type of phylum Porifera cell,
line flagellated canals, filter food, reproduction
function of amoebocytes
Phylum Porifera
a type of phylum Porifera cell,
become cell types, secrete spicules and spongin
function of pinacocytes
Phylum Porifera
a type of phylum Porifera cell,
flat epithelial cells, line the outside and incurrent canals
function of porocytes
Phylum Porifera
a type of phylum Porifera cell,
water flow
what are the 3 kinds of symmetry
Phylum Porifera
ASYMMETRICAL - irregular or lack of symmetry, lack of definite shape
RADIAL - arranged around a central axis, symmetry follows around it
BILATERAL - divides into two mirror image halves
what is metagenesis
Phylum Cnidaria
the alteration of generations exhibiting asexual (polyps - medusa) and sexual (medusa - polyps)
what is pneumatophore
Phylum Cnidaria
the gas filled float of some colonial coelenterates, such as the Portuguese Man of War
coelenterates - an aquatic invertebrate animal of a phylum that includes jellyfishes, corals, and sea anemones
what is a cnidocyte and a nematocyte
Phylum Cnidaria
cnidocyte = a stinging cell
nematocyte = stinging capsule
define diploblastic
Phylum Cnidaria
having a body derived from only two embryonic cell layers (ectoderm & endoderm, but no medoderm)
define mesoglea
Phylum Cnidaria
a gelatinous substance between the endoderm and the ectoderm of sponges of cnidarians
the difference between a polyp & medusa
Phylum Cnidaria
polyps are formed asexually
medusa are formed sexually
what’s the difference between a fedding and a reproductive polyp on the obelia
Phylum Cnidaria
FEEDING = specialized longer tentacles surrounding the mouth for capturing and digesting prey
REPRODUCTIVE = specialized in releasing reproductive structures for sexual reproduction, generally has shorter tentacles and is overall stubbier looking
define polymorphic
Phylum Cnidaria
occurring in several different forms, in particular with reference to species or genetic variation
define diploblastic
Phylum Cnidaria
having a body derived from only 2 embryonic cell layers (the ectoderm and endoderm, no mesoderm)
what are the 4 classes of cnidarians
Phylum Cnidaria
Athozoa
Cubozoa
Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
what is cephalization
Phylum Platyhelminthes
the concentration of sense organs, nervous system, brain, at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution & embryonic development
define triploblastic
Phylum Platyhelminthes
having a body derived from 3 embryonic cell layers (endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm)
scolex function
Phylum Platyhelminthes
contains structures, such as grooves, suckers, or hooks that enable the worm to attach to the gut wall
define coelom
Phylum Platyhelminthes
fluid filled body cavity providing space for organs to be suspended and more independently
define acoelomate
Phylum Platyhelminthes
animal that lacks coelom, it’s body cavity is filled with solid tissue
define eucoelomate
Phylum Platyhelminthes
animal with true coelom that forms entirely within the mesoderm during embryonic development
define pseudocoelomate
Phylum Platyhelminthes
animal containing a body cavity that’s partially lined with mesodermal tissue and partially derived from the blastocoel (primary body cavity of embryo)
