Lab exam 1 flashcards
does NOT contain:
describe cell theory
- all organisms are composed of cells
- cells are the basic living units of organization and function in all organisms
- all cells arise only by the division and reproduction of previously existing cells
glial cells
make nerve impulses and provide a nutritive role for nuerons
describe tissue
a group of similar cells that work together to preform a common function for an animal
what are the 4 types of tissues
connective
muscle
nervous
epithelial
what does epithelial tissue do
covers external surfaces, or lines the internal surface of body cavities, acts as barriers
what does connective tissue do
binds, supports, and protects body parts & systems
what does muscle tissue do
permits movement of animal through its environment
what does nervous tissue do
serves in communication & control of the animal
what do erythrocytes do
red blood cells, they carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our body
what do leucocytes do
white blood cells, attack bacteria and viruses
why do cells divide
to heal wounds, to grow, regenerate worn out or damaged tissues
what 2 ways do cells divide
mitosis and meiosis
describe cell cycle
- interphase, longest stage, (G1 (growth), S phase (synthesis), G2 (growth),
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
- cytokineses
how many daughter cells are produced through mitosis?
2 daughter cells each containing a complete set of chromosomes identical to that of the parent cell
working distance
the space between the objective lens and slide on a microscope
field of view
the circular view you see when looking through the microscope
depth of field
the thickness of an image that is acceptably in focus when looking through the ocular lense
embryology
study of embryos & their development
(embryo - initial cell stage of animal development )
zygote
fertilized egg cell as a result of the union of a female gamete (egg or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)
gametogenesis
production of egg or sperm cells
blastopore
the opening by which the cavity of the gastrula, an embryonic stage in animal development, communicates with the exterior
archenteron
hallow tube created by the arrangement of invaginated cells in the gastrula; embryonic precursor to the gut (also the same as gastrocoel)
organogenesis
differentiation of organ tissues
monophyletic groups
contain all the descendants of a particular ancestor and no other organisms
paraphyletic groups
contain some, but not all, of a descendants of a particular ancestor
polyphyletic groups
contain no member that share a common ancestor
what is a homologous structure
referring to features or structures in different species that are similar due to common ancestry
taxonomy
is a way of classifying all living organisms
who was the 5 kingdoms written by
Robert H. Whittakers
5 kingdoms & who it was written by
written by Robert H. Whittakers
1. bacteria - organelles
2. protista - algae
3. fungi - mushrooms
4. plantae - bryophytes (moss)
5. animalia - mollusca
bacteria & archea are what kind of cell
prokaryotic cells
list the Heretical Classificationof taxonomy
the taxanomic catagories are:
1. Domain - most inclusive
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. species - least inclusive
who is carolus linnaeus
was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalized binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the “father of modern taxonomy
what is the Binomial System of Biological Nomenclature and who came up with it
is a system of naming organisms in which the name is composed of two terms. also known as the scientific name of organisms.
Carolus Linnaeus invented this system.
Haversian canal function + where to find it
in bone, allows the bone to get oxygen and nutrition
lamella function + where its found
in bone, gives bones its compact hardness and rigidity because of its extracellular matrix - forms around the haversian canal
lacunae function + where it’s found
in bone and cartilage,
lacunae are spaces in which bone cells are present, provides a home for the cells to keep them alive and functional
in bones - lacunae encase osteocytes
in cartilage - lacunae encase chondrocytes
osteocytes function + where to find it
regulates mineral deposits and chemistry at the bone level
canaliculi
provide routes to osteocytes to give them nutrients and to take away waste
a embryonic blastula sea star cell becomes a
gastrula sea star cell
a gastrula sea star cell becomes a
bipinnaria sea star cell
what happens during the s phase of interphase
the cell “synthesizes” a complete copy of it’s DNA in the nucleus
what kind of tissue is cartilage
connective
Tissues
groups of cells with similar appearance and common function
Organs
different types of tissues further organized into functional units
Organ systems
groups of organs that work together
where is stratified epithelium found
mostly in the skin
where is simple epithelium found
lines respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and circulatory systems
lacunae function
spaces in which bone cells are present, their job is to protect other kinds of cells to keep them alive and functional
chondrocytes function
responsible for the production of collagen, helps maintain cartilage, chondrocytes help to form cartilage tissue
collagen function
provides structural support to connective tissues
what type of tissue is most abundent
connective tissue
fibroblasts function
help to form connective tissue
a fertilized egg is also called
a zygote
what is a diploid
a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
asexual reproduction relies on a process called
mitosis
what tissues are under involuntary control
cardiac and smooth muscle
