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Bio > Lab week 1 > Flashcards

Lab week 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

lack of symmetry; irregular arrangement of body parts with no plain of symmetry to divide them into two halves

A

asymmetry
(ex: sponges)

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2
Q

arrangement of body parts around a central axis; any plane passing through the central axis divides the body into two similar halves

A

radial symmetry
(sea stars, jellyfish)

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3
Q

division of body parts into two similar halves (mirror images) by a single plane of symmetry

A

bilateral symmetry
(cat, cow)

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4
Q

anterior

A

nearer the front, especially situated in the front of the body, near the head

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5
Q

posterior

A

further back in position, of or nearer the rear end

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6
Q

dorsal

A

of, on, or relating to the upper side or back of an animal

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7
Q

ventral

A

relating to the front of the body, towards the belly

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8
Q

medial

A

situated near the median plane of the body, or the midline of an organ ><

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9
Q

lateral

A

situated outwards of the midline <>

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10
Q

Transverse plane

A
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11
Q

frontal plane

A
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12
Q

sagittal plane

A
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13
Q

proximal

A
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14
Q

distal

A
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15
Q

label the most identifiable parts of animal cells from top to bottom

A
  1. nuclear membrane
  2. nucleus
  3. nucleolus
  4. cytoplasm
  5. plasma membrane
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16
Q

what are the four categories of animal tissues

A
  1. epithelial
  2. connective
  3. muscle
  4. nervous
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17
Q

______ tissue covers the body

A

epithelial tissue

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18
Q

______ tissue lines cavities

A

epithelial tissue

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19
Q

______ tissue forms glands

A

epithelial tissue

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20
Q

______ tissue covers all surfaces of the body

A

epithelial tissue

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21
Q
A

simple epithelium squamous cells
(slide)
- one cell thick
- lines circulatory, respiratory, urinary, reproductive systems

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22
Q
A

simple epithelium columnar cells
(slide)
- one cell thick
- lines circulatory, respiratory, urinary, reproductive systems

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23
Q
A

stratified epithelium squamous
- bottom line = basal layer
- top line = stratified squamous layer
- several layers thick
- found mostly in the skin

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24
Q

______ tissue supports and strengthens other tissues

A

connective tissue

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25
Q

______ tissue binds cells of other tissues into coherent structures

A

connective tissue
- skin or muscle

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26
Q

a large portion of ______ tissue consists of fluid containing proteins

A

connective

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27
Q
A

hyaline cartilage

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28
Q

______ consists of widely spaced cells
surrounded by a thick, nonliving
matrix composed of collagen, flexible, but can snap if bent too far

A

cartilage

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29
Q

lacunae are

A

are spaces in which bone cells are present

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30
Q

chondrocytes function

A

are responsible for cartilage formation

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31
Q

label from left to right leaving the bottom right for 3rd

A

elastic cartilage
1. lacunae
2. elastic fibers
3. chondrocytes

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32
Q

______ resembles cartilage, but its matrix is hardened by deposits of calcium phosphate

A

bone

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33
Q

label each number

A
  1. compact bone
  2. spongy bone
  3. spongy bone
  4. osteocyte within lacuna
  5. vessels in haversian canal
  6. compact bone
  7. haversian system
  8. periosteum
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34
Q

osteocytes are

A

are one of four kinds of bone cells
(osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone lining cells)

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35
Q

lamella function + where it’s found

A

gives bone its compact hardness and rigidity,
located around the haversian canal

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36
Q

haversian canals are

A

are a series of tubes around a narrow channel formed by lamellae

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37
Q

______ ______ are found in the bone and provide oxygen and nutrients to the bone

A

haversian canals

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38
Q

______ are the narrow microscopic canals that are found in between the lucunae of the bone cells

A

canaliculi

39
Q

label slide and label arrows from top to bottom

A

bone
1. haversian canal
2. lamella
3. osteocytes in lacunae
4. canaliculi

40
Q

______ ______ is made up of fat cells that are modified for long-term energy storage

A

adipose tissue
- insolation for animals
- a connective tissue

41
Q

______ is a structure inside the cell that is surrounded by a single membrane called the tonoplast, this structure usually contains fluid

A

vacuole

42
Q

label left to right and name slide

A

adipose tissue
1. nucleus
2. adipose cells (oil filled vacuoles)

43
Q

______ ______ tissue is most abundent and flexible

A

loose connective tissue

44
Q

______ ______ tissue connects, supports, and surrounds other tissue types

A

loose connective tissue

45
Q

collagen is

A

the main structural protein found in the bodies various connective tissues

46
Q

______ are a type of cell that contribute to the formation of connective tissue

A

fibroblasts

47
Q

label from top to bottom and name slide

A

loose connective tissue
1. elastic fibers (dark)
2. collagen fibers (light)

48
Q

what kind of tissue only goes in the direction in which the collagen fibers are arranged

A

dense/loose connective tissue
- tendons ligaments
- stretching this tissue in a way that the collagen fibers do not go can result in tearing of the tissue

49
Q

label and name slide

A

dense connective tissue
1. nuclei of fibroblasts
- fibroblasts help to form connective tissue

50
Q

erythrocytes are

A

are also known as red blood cells
- there job is to carry oxygen from our lungs throughout our bodies

51
Q

leukocytes are

A

are also known as white blood cells
- there job is to protect the body from viruses, bacteria, and parasites

52
Q

______ are small, colorless cell fragments in our blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding

A

platelets

53
Q

label from left to right

A
  1. leukocytes (white blood cells)
  2. erythrocytes (red blood cells)
54
Q

label + function

A

a type of white blood cell specialized in seeking out & ingesting foreign bacterial cells & dead host cells

55
Q

this is

A

basophil, a white blood cell that specializes in inflammatory response of allergic reactions & help blood from clotting inappropriately

56
Q

label + function

A

a white blood cell specialized in allergic response & defense against parasites

57
Q

what type of white blood cell is this

A

Lymphocyte, a type of white blood cell that specializes in producing antibodies that recognize & destroy foreign cells

58
Q

Monocyte is

A

a type of white blood cell that acts as a giant scavenger cell that engulfs bacteria, dead cells, and other cellular debris

59
Q

______ tissue has the ability to contract when stimulated

A

muscle

60
Q

3 types of muscle tissue are

A
  1. skeletal
  2. cardiac
  3. smooth
61
Q

label slide and arrows from top to bottom

A

smooth muscle
1. smooth muscle fibers
2. nuclei

62
Q

______ ______ tissue embedded in the walls of the digestive and respiratory tracts, uterus, bladder, and larger blood vessels

A

smooth muscle tissue

63
Q

______ ______ tissue produces slow, sustained, involuntary contractions throughout the body

A

smooth muscle tissue

64
Q

label slide and arrows from top to bottom

A

cardiac muscle
1. intercalated discs
2. nuclei

65
Q

nuclues

A

membrane bound organelle that contains the cells chromosomes (and, therefor, DNA)

66
Q

intercalated discs are

A

a cell membrane of a muscle cell, which acts a barrier between inside and external components

67
Q

striations are

A

a series of ridges, furrows or linear marks

68
Q

name slide and label arrows from top to bottom

A

skeletal muscle
1. nucleus
2. muscle fiber striations

69
Q

what specific tissues are spontaneously active, not under conscious control

A

cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
- located in the heart

70
Q

______ ______ is stimulated by the nervous system and under voluntary, or conscious (sometimes), control

A

skeletal muscle

71
Q

______ tissue produces & conducts electrical signals

A

nervous tissue

72
Q

the ______ ______ makes up brain, spinal cord & nerve cells (neurons) that travel to all parts of the body

A

nervous tissue

73
Q

______ are specialized to generate electrical signals

A

nuerons
they also conduct these signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands

74
Q

______ cells surround, support,
insulate & protect neurons

A

glial cells

75
Q

label slide and arrows from top to bottom

A

nervous tissue
1. glial cells
2. cell body of neuron
3. nucleus
4. cytoplasmic extensions

76
Q

dendrites do what for what kind of cell

A

collects and stores all incoming information, they’re a part of the structure of a neuron

77
Q

axons function

A

electrical impulses that travel from the neuron to be received by other neurons

78
Q

the synaptic terminal

A

transmits chemical messages and release neurotransmitters onto other cells

79
Q

glial cells are

A

a type of cell that provides physical and chemical support to neurons and maintain their environment

80
Q

label each part correctly

A
  1. dendrites
  2. cell body
  3. neurofibrils
  4. node of ranvier
  5. axon terminals
  6. axon
  7. schwann cell
  8. nucleus
  9. nucleolus
81
Q

what types of connective tissue are there

A
  • loose (areolar) connective tissue
  • dense fibrous connective tissue
  • adipose tissue
  • elastic connective tissue
  • cartilage
  • blood
  • bone
82
Q

what types of muscle tissue are there

A
  • skeletal
  • smooth
  • cardiac
83
Q

which connective tissue provides the most rigid support

A

bone

84
Q

what type of leukocyte is most prominent in the body

A

neutrophil

85
Q

what type of leukocyte is the least prominent in the body

A

basophil

86
Q

what blood cell is most numerous in the body

A

erythrocytes

87
Q

what blood cell is least numerous in the body

A

leukocytes

88
Q

tendons and ligaments are composed of what kind of tissue

A

dense connective tissue

89
Q

which type of connective tissue stores lipids

A

adipose tissue

90
Q

whats an example of an epithelial tissue designed to keep things out of the body

A

stratified squamous epithelium,
the skins outer later.

91
Q

dendrites function + where it’s found

A

dendrites are a part of neurons, they receive all incoming information of the neuron cell

92
Q

axon function

A

found in neurons,
axons send the neurons electrical impulses to other neurons

93
Q

nucleus function

A

cells control center and stores genetic information

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