Lab Exam 4 Flashcards
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Sea Squirt / Tunicates
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Sea Squirts / Tunicates
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Lancelots / Amphioxus
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Lancelots / Amphioxus
label parts and define the organism
Lancelots / Amphioxus
label parts and define organism
Lancelots / Amphioxus
label parts and define the organism
Lancelots / Amphioxus
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hagfish
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hagfish
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Lamprey
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Lamprey
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shark
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skates
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stingray / ray
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sawfish
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ratfish
- deep sea
- eats mollusks
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Bass - freshwater
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Trout - freshwater
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Perch - freshwater
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flounder - saltwarer
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sailfish - saltwater
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seahorse - saltwater
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Lungfish
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frog
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toad
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salamanders
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Caecilians
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turtle
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tortoise
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lizard
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alligator
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crocodile
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snake
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platypus
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echidna
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kangaroo
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koala
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lemurs
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bat
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manatees
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whales
what are the adaptations that gave rise to flight in brids
what is a marsupial
animals with a pouch for developing young such as kangaroos or koalas
define viviparous
giving birth to living young that has developed within the body
what is ectotherm
an animal that relies on body heat from external sources (ex: fish, amphibians, and invertebrates )
what is an endotherm
an animal that generates it’s own body heat
define anadromous
born in fresh water, matures in saltwater, returns to fresh water to spawn (ex: lamprey)
what is a monotreme
a mammal that lays eggs (ex: platypus and echidna)
order Anura contains:
tailless toads & frogs
order Apoda contains:
limbless amphibians
order Urodela contains:
tailed salamanders & newts
what are the 5 defining characteristics of phylum chordata
- notochord skeletal rod
- dorsal hallow tubular nerve cord
- endostyle or thyroid gland
- post anal tail
- pharyngeal gill slits
difference between axial and appendicular skeleton
axial = central bones including the skull, vertebral column, and ribs
appendicular = the bones of the limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton
define flexion
movement that decreases the angle between 2 body parts
(opposite extension)
typically sagittal plane
define extension
movement that increases the angle between 2 body parts
(opposite flexion)
typically sagittal plane
define adduction
movement that brings a body part closer to the midline of the body
(or the midline of a limb)
(opposite abduction)
typically frontal plane
define abduction
movement that brings a body part away from the midline of the body
(or the midline of a limb)
(opposite adduction)
typically frontal plane
function of thyroid and parathyroid gland in amphibians
overall, the thyroid & parathyroid work together to regulate metabolism, control metamorphosis, and maintain calcium homeostasis
what are the 3 layers of a frogs skin? and what 3 glands are found in the skin
- epidermis
- dermis
- stratum spongiosum
- stratum compactum
the mucous gland, granular gland (poison), and the mixed gland
how do amphibians breathe
- pulmonary respiration / using lungs (land)
- cutaneous respiration / using skin (water)
- buccal pumping - using lungs through buccal cavity
(increased oxygen demand)
how many chambers of the heart do frogs posses
- 2 atria
- 1 ventricle
3 chambers total
5 steps of a scientific method
1 - observation
2 - question
3 - predictions
4 - hypothesis
5 - hypothesis testing (experiment)
define null hypothesis vs. alternate hypothesis
null - statement of no affect or difference
alternate - stating there is an affect or difference
purpose of control group
provide a baseline for measurement in experiments and works as validation for any findings of the experiment
innate vs. learned behavior
INNATE - instinctive, unlearned, genetically programmed, natural response to certain stimuli in the environment
LEARNED - learned through experience, processes, and active cognitive thinking
