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A&P 224 > Lecture test #1 ch. 19- Blood part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture test #1 ch. 19- Blood part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of ions in blood involved in? (3) (OMA)

A

1) osmosis
2) membrane potentials
3) acid-base balance

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2
Q

what makes blood a suspension?

A

it has things floating in it

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3
Q

what are CSFs and interleukins?

A

proteins, hormones that dictate formation of WBC types

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4
Q

before becoming a RBC what can a myeloid stem cell become?

A

an erythroblast or a reticulocyte

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5
Q

what are the 5 types of leucocytes?

A

1) basophil
2) eosinphil
3) neutrophil
4) monocytes
5) lymphocytes

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6
Q

the process by which new red blood cells are produced

A

erythropoiesis

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7
Q

what makes blood a mixture?

A

it has more than one thing

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8
Q

what are some things that RBCs can’t do? (4) (MSRR)

A

1) mitosis or meiosis
2) synthesize proteins
3) repair when damaged
4) reproduce

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9
Q

what will a myeloid stem cell become?

A

any blood cell but a lymphocyte

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10
Q

what is the function of albumin in blood?

A

partly responsible for blood viscosity and osmotic pressure

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11
Q

what is the functions of platelets? (FR)

A

1) forms platelet plugs

2) releases chemicals necessary for blood clotting

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12
Q

how much blood is in the human body?

A

about 4-6L

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13
Q

what is the oxygen to RBC ratio?

A

1 billion oxygen/RBC

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14
Q

what is carbaminohemoglobin?

A

Hb carrying carbon dioxide

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15
Q

where does thrombopoietin come from?

A

the liver

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16
Q

what does EPO do?

A

makes a myeloid stem cell become an erythrocyte

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17
Q

what is true of RBC’s surface area to volume ratio?

A

it has a high surface area compared to volume

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18
Q

does erythrocytes have nuclei?

A

no

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19
Q

what are some characteristics of platelets? (3) (CWC)

A

1) clotting
2) will stick to collagen
3) can spin

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20
Q

how many oxygen molecules can 4 hemes carry?

A

4

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21
Q

what do macrophages do?

A

engulf and destroy RBC parts of heme

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22
Q

what does a macrophage cause a heme to become?

A

biliverdin or billirubin

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23
Q

what do cell equal?

A

formed elements

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24
Q

what is the function of the waste product billirubin in plasma? (2) (BE)

A

1) breakdown products of RBCs

2) excreted as part of the bile from the liver into the small intestine

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25
Q

what are the characteristics of a RBC (3) (BNC)

A

1) biconcave disc
2) no nucleus
3) contains hemoglobin (colors it red)

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26
Q

what is the function of the gas nitrogen in plasma?

A

inert

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27
Q

what are WBCs and platelets considered statistically?

A

negligable

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28
Q

where does hemopoiesis take place?

A

in red bone marrow

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29
Q

what else does plasma consist of? (5) (INWGR)

A

1) ions
2) nutrients
3) waste products
4) gases
5) regulatory substances

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30
Q

formation of WBCs

A

leucopoiesis

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31
Q

when hemocytoblasts (stem cells) divide what will you always get?

A

1 hemocytoblast

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32
Q

what makes blood a solution?

A

it has things dissolved in it

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33
Q

what is oxyhemoglobin?

A

Hb carrying oxygen

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34
Q

what does thrombopoeitin do?

A

tell meyloid stem cells to become first a megakaryocyte and then a platelet

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35
Q

what are some characteristics of leucocytes that are unlike erythrocytes? (LNCC) (4)

A

1) larger
2) nucleus (infinite lifespan)
3) can move
4) can perform margination (adhesion), diapedesis and chemotaxis

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36
Q

what parts of red bone marrow homopoiesis take place? (5) (SVSPP)

A

1) skull
2) vertebral bodies
3) sternum
4) pelvic bones
5) proximal ends of humerus and femur

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37
Q

when does hemolysis occur?

A

when RBCs rupture and the hemoglobin is released into plasma.

38
Q

what affect does EPO have on the body? (3) (HAM)

A

1) higher hematocrit
2) ability for RBC to carry oxygen
3) makes blood thicker

39
Q

what is a characteristic about monocytes and lymphocytes?

A

they have agranulocytes (no visible grains)

40
Q

any condition that reduces the bloods ability to carry oxygen

A

anemia

41
Q

what are the characteristics of platelets? (2) (CC)

A

1) cell fragment surrounded by plasma membrane

2) contains granules

42
Q

what are platelets derived from?

A

megakaryocytes

43
Q

what is the function of ions in plasma? (3) (OMA)

A

1) osmosis
2) membrane potentials
3) acid-base balance

44
Q

what is deoxyhemoglobin?

A

Hb without oxygen

45
Q

what is a lymphoid stem cell guaranteed to become?

A

a lymphocyte

46
Q

how many RBC’s for one WBC are there?

A

about 700 or 1000

47
Q

what are the functions of blood tissue? (4) (TTHP)

A

1) transport
2) temperature regulation
3) homeostasis (pH, fluid levels)
4) protection (clotting)

48
Q

where does Carbon dioxide sit when hemoglobin is carrying it?

A

on the protein section

49
Q

what are platelets directed by?

A

thrombopoeitin

50
Q

when hemoglobin is carrying carbon monoxide where does it sit?

A

in the same place as oxygen on the iron (Fe)

51
Q

what does albumin transport?

A

fatty acids, free billirubin and thyroid hormones

52
Q

what is erythropoiesis driven by?

A

a hormone called erythropoietin (EPO)

53
Q

is leukemia a condition of leucocytosis or leucopenia?

A

both because cancer is an over production of cells but they aren’t functional cells.

54
Q

what is the function of the gas carbon dioxide in plasma?

A

1) waste product of aerobic respiration

2) a bicarbonate, helps buffer blood

55
Q

what is the function of the waste product in plasma, lactate? (2) (EC)

A

1) end product of aerobic respiration

2) converted to glucose by liver

56
Q

where can stem cells be found?

A

hemocycloblast

57
Q

what is the function of water in blood?

A

acts as a solvent and suspending medium

58
Q

what are megakaryocytes?

A

extremely large cells found in red bone marrow.

59
Q

what are interleukins?

A

proteins from a WBC form another WBC

60
Q

what are the two possible cells that a hemocytoblast can divide into?

A

myeloid stem cell or lymphoid stem cell

61
Q

when a WBC can leave the blood vessel

A

diapedesis

62
Q

what is the main component of red blood cells?

A

the pigmented protein hemoglobin

63
Q

what is hemopoiesis?

A

formation of blood cells

64
Q

what is the function of the nutrient vitamins in plasma?

A

to promote enzyme activity

65
Q

what is the function of globulins?

A

to transport

66
Q

when a WBC can stick to the wall of a blood vessel

A

margination (adhesion)

67
Q

how will CO sit on the same place as oxygen on the iron?

A

it will physically remove the oxygen and take its place

68
Q

what is hematocrit?

A

the % of whole blood that is RBC

69
Q

what is the function of RBCs?

A

transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

70
Q

what are the characteristics of WBCs? (2) (SN)

A

1) spherical

2) nucleus

71
Q

what do the nutrients glucose, amino acids, triglycerides and cholesterol do for plasma? (2) (SB)

A

1) source of energy

2) basic building blocks of more complex molecules

72
Q

does hemoglobin typically carry oxygen and carbon dioxide at the same time?

A

no

73
Q

what is gen and prothrombrin?

A

an innactive clotting protein

74
Q

what is the function of the wast products urea, uric acid, creatinine and ammonia salts

A

to breakdown products of protein metabolism; excreted by the kidneys

75
Q

what plasma proteins does blood have? (3) (AGF)

A

1) albumin
2) globulins
3) fibriogen

76
Q

what is the function of the gas oxygen in plasma? (2) (NT)

A

1) necessary for aerobic respiration

2) terminal electron acceptor in electron- transport chain

77
Q

cancerous condition of WBCs.

A

leukemia

78
Q

what is the function of regulatory substances in plasma?

A

1) enzymes catalyze chemical reactions

2) hormones stimulate or inhibit many body functions

79
Q

what does an erythroblast have that a reticulocyte does not?

A

a nucleus

80
Q

when there are too few WBCs

A

leucopenia

81
Q

when hemoglobin carries oxygen where does it sit?

A

on top of iron (Fe)

82
Q

what does albumin act as?

A

a buffer

83
Q

what determines what leucocytes become?

A

CSFs and Interleukins

84
Q

what is a characteristic of basophil, eosinphil and neutrophils?

A

they have granulocytes (visible grains)

85
Q

what is EPO released from?

A

the kidneys

86
Q

when a WBC can follow a chemical trail

A

chemotaxis

87
Q

condition when someone has too many RBCs (hematocrit is too high)

A

polycythemia

88
Q

what makes blood fluid?

A

it flows

89
Q

where does Oxygen sit in a heme?

A

on the iron (Fe)

90
Q

when there are too many WBCs

A

leucocytosis

91
Q

what is the function of fibrinogen?

A

blood clotting

A&P 224 (25 decks)

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