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A&P 224 > Lecture test #1 ch. 19- Blood part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture test #1 ch. 19- Blood part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of ions in blood involved in? (3) (OMA)

A

1) osmosis
2) membrane potentials
3) acid-base balance

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2
Q

what makes blood a suspension?

A

it has things floating in it

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3
Q

what are CSFs and interleukins?

A

proteins, hormones that dictate formation of WBC types

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4
Q

before becoming a RBC what can a myeloid stem cell become?

A

an erythroblast or a reticulocyte

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5
Q

what are the 5 types of leucocytes?

A

1) basophil
2) eosinphil
3) neutrophil
4) monocytes
5) lymphocytes

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6
Q

the process by which new red blood cells are produced

A

erythropoiesis

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7
Q

what makes blood a mixture?

A

it has more than one thing

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8
Q

what are some things that RBCs can’t do? (4) (MSRR)

A

1) mitosis or meiosis
2) synthesize proteins
3) repair when damaged
4) reproduce

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9
Q

what will a myeloid stem cell become?

A

any blood cell but a lymphocyte

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10
Q

what is the function of albumin in blood?

A

partly responsible for blood viscosity and osmotic pressure

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11
Q

what is the functions of platelets? (FR)

A

1) forms platelet plugs

2) releases chemicals necessary for blood clotting

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12
Q

how much blood is in the human body?

A

about 4-6L

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13
Q

what is the oxygen to RBC ratio?

A

1 billion oxygen/RBC

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14
Q

what is carbaminohemoglobin?

A

Hb carrying carbon dioxide

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15
Q

where does thrombopoietin come from?

A

the liver

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16
Q

what does EPO do?

A

makes a myeloid stem cell become an erythrocyte

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17
Q

what is true of RBC’s surface area to volume ratio?

A

it has a high surface area compared to volume

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18
Q

does erythrocytes have nuclei?

A

no

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19
Q

what are some characteristics of platelets? (3) (CWC)

A

1) clotting
2) will stick to collagen
3) can spin

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20
Q

how many oxygen molecules can 4 hemes carry?

A

4

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21
Q

what do macrophages do?

A

engulf and destroy RBC parts of heme

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22
Q

what does a macrophage cause a heme to become?

A

biliverdin or billirubin

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23
Q

what do cell equal?

A

formed elements

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24
Q

what is the function of the waste product billirubin in plasma? (2) (BE)

A

1) breakdown products of RBCs

2) excreted as part of the bile from the liver into the small intestine

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25
what are the characteristics of a RBC (3) (BNC)
1) biconcave disc 2) no nucleus 3) contains hemoglobin (colors it red)
26
what is the function of the gas nitrogen in plasma?
inert
27
what are WBCs and platelets considered statistically?
negligable
28
where does hemopoiesis take place?
in red bone marrow
29
what else does plasma consist of? (5) (INWGR)
1) ions 2) nutrients 3) waste products 4) gases 5) regulatory substances
30
formation of WBCs
leucopoiesis
31
when hemocytoblasts (stem cells) divide what will you always get?
1 hemocytoblast
32
what makes blood a solution?
it has things dissolved in it
33
what is oxyhemoglobin?
Hb carrying oxygen
34
what does thrombopoeitin do?
tell meyloid stem cells to become first a megakaryocyte and then a platelet
35
what are some characteristics of leucocytes that are unlike erythrocytes? (LNCC) (4)
1) larger 2) nucleus (infinite lifespan) 3) can move 4) can perform margination (adhesion), diapedesis and chemotaxis
36
what parts of red bone marrow homopoiesis take place? (5) (SVSPP)
1) skull 2) vertebral bodies 3) sternum 4) pelvic bones 5) proximal ends of humerus and femur
37
when does hemolysis occur?
when RBCs rupture and the hemoglobin is released into plasma.
38
what affect does EPO have on the body? (3) (HAM)
1) higher hematocrit 2) ability for RBC to carry oxygen 3) makes blood thicker
39
what is a characteristic about monocytes and lymphocytes?
they have agranulocytes (no visible grains)
40
any condition that reduces the bloods ability to carry oxygen
anemia
41
what are the characteristics of platelets? (2) (CC)
1) cell fragment surrounded by plasma membrane | 2) contains granules
42
what are platelets derived from?
megakaryocytes
43
what is the function of ions in plasma? (3) (OMA)
1) osmosis 2) membrane potentials 3) acid-base balance
44
what is deoxyhemoglobin?
Hb without oxygen
45
what is a lymphoid stem cell guaranteed to become?
a lymphocyte
46
how many RBC's for one WBC are there?
about 700 or 1000
47
what are the functions of blood tissue? (4) (TTHP)
1) transport 2) temperature regulation 3) homeostasis (pH, fluid levels) 4) protection (clotting)
48
where does Carbon dioxide sit when hemoglobin is carrying it?
on the protein section
49
what are platelets directed by?
thrombopoeitin
50
when hemoglobin is carrying carbon monoxide where does it sit?
in the same place as oxygen on the iron (Fe)
51
what does albumin transport?
fatty acids, free billirubin and thyroid hormones
52
what is erythropoiesis driven by?
a hormone called erythropoietin (EPO)
53
is leukemia a condition of leucocytosis or leucopenia?
both because cancer is an over production of cells but they aren't functional cells.
54
what is the function of the gas carbon dioxide in plasma?
1) waste product of aerobic respiration | 2) a bicarbonate, helps buffer blood
55
what is the function of the waste product in plasma, lactate? (2) (EC)
1) end product of aerobic respiration | 2) converted to glucose by liver
56
where can stem cells be found?
hemocycloblast
57
what is the function of water in blood?
acts as a solvent and suspending medium
58
what are megakaryocytes?
extremely large cells found in red bone marrow.
59
what are interleukins?
proteins from a WBC form another WBC
60
what are the two possible cells that a hemocytoblast can divide into?
myeloid stem cell or lymphoid stem cell
61
when a WBC can leave the blood vessel
diapedesis
62
what is the main component of red blood cells?
the pigmented protein hemoglobin
63
what is hemopoiesis?
formation of blood cells
64
what is the function of the nutrient vitamins in plasma?
to promote enzyme activity
65
what is the function of globulins?
to transport
66
when a WBC can stick to the wall of a blood vessel
margination (adhesion)
67
how will CO sit on the same place as oxygen on the iron?
it will physically remove the oxygen and take its place
68
what is hematocrit?
the % of whole blood that is RBC
69
what is the function of RBCs?
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
70
what are the characteristics of WBCs? (2) (SN)
1) spherical | 2) nucleus
71
what do the nutrients glucose, amino acids, triglycerides and cholesterol do for plasma? (2) (SB)
1) source of energy | 2) basic building blocks of more complex molecules
72
does hemoglobin typically carry oxygen and carbon dioxide at the same time?
no
73
what is gen and prothrombrin?
an innactive clotting protein
74
what is the function of the wast products urea, uric acid, creatinine and ammonia salts
to breakdown products of protein metabolism; excreted by the kidneys
75
what plasma proteins does blood have? (3) (AGF)
1) albumin 2) globulins 3) fibriogen
76
what is the function of the gas oxygen in plasma? (2) (NT)
1) necessary for aerobic respiration | 2) terminal electron acceptor in electron- transport chain
77
cancerous condition of WBCs.
leukemia
78
what is the function of regulatory substances in plasma?
1) enzymes catalyze chemical reactions | 2) hormones stimulate or inhibit many body functions
79
what does an erythroblast have that a reticulocyte does not?
a nucleus
80
when there are too few WBCs
leucopenia
81
when hemoglobin carries oxygen where does it sit?
on top of iron (Fe)
82
what does albumin act as?
a buffer
83
what determines what leucocytes become?
CSFs and Interleukins
84
what is a characteristic of basophil, eosinphil and neutrophils?
they have granulocytes (visible grains)
85
what is EPO released from?
the kidneys
86
when a WBC can follow a chemical trail
chemotaxis
87
condition when someone has too many RBCs (hematocrit is too high)
polycythemia
88
what makes blood fluid?
it flows
89
where does Oxygen sit in a heme?
on the iron (Fe)
90
when there are too many WBCs
leucocytosis
91
what is the function of fibrinogen?
blood clotting

A&P 224 (25 decks)

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